MASTER 
NEGATIVE 

NO.  94-82272- 10 


COPYRIGHT  STATEMENT 


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Author: 


American  Paper  and  Pulp 
Association 

Title: 

Constitution,  officers, 
committees,  members... 

Place: 

[New  York] 

Date: 

[1 898] 


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iFebmar^  1897  to  iFebmar^  1898 

President 
Hugh  J.  Chisholm,  Portland.  Me. 


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Vice-  Presidents 

WRITING 
W.  F.  Whiting,  Holyoke,  Mass. 

BOOK 
J.  N.  MoHR,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

NEWS 

G.  C.  Sherman,  Watertown,  N.  Y, 

WRAPPING 

S.  P.  Train,  Boston,  Mass. 


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WOOD    PULP 

K.  B.  FuLLERTON,  Ncw  York. 

CcIEMICAL    FIBRE 
A.  G.  Paine,  Jr.,  New  York. 


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BOARDS 
J.  W.  French,  Niles,  Mich. 

Secretary  and  Treasurer 
C.  W.  Lyman,  Herkimer,  N.  Y. 

Delegates  to  National  Board  of  Trade 

W.  T.  Barker  for  1897  and  1898.    • 
W.  H.  Sharp  for  1897. 


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annual  £peeting 


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FEBRUARY    i6   AND    17.    1898 

Reception  Committee 

Augustus  G.  Paine,  Chairman 
W.  T.  Barker  George  W.  Knowlton 

Charles  D.  Brown  George  W.  Millar 

A.  N.  Burbank  Warner  Miller 

W.  M.  Crane  W.  H.  Nixon 

Warren  Curtis  W.  H.  Parsons 

Henry  Dickinson  N.  T.  Pulsifer 

Thomas  Duncan  William  A.  Russell 

A.  C.  Hastings  William  E.  Spier 

H.  M.  Knowles  George  W.  Wheelwnght 

William  Whiting 

Banquet  Committee 

George  F.  Perkins,  Chairman 

J.  Fred  Ackcrman  Frank  Gilbert 

Robert  Atterbury  John  G.  Luke 

L.  M.  Bickford  W.  H.  Sharp 

William  E.  Conrow  C.  H.  Southworth 

W.  B.  Dillon  S.  P.  Train 

John  C.  Duncan  J-  Fred  Webster 

Committee  on  Speakers 

Hugh  J.  Chisholm,  Chairman 
Warner  Miller  George  F.  Perkins 

Augustus  G.  Paine  William  A.  Russell 

William  Whiting 


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Hctot»D  Ulul?  28.  1883 
KrtiiBtftt  31ulp  29,  1891 
HebtJffO  iFebmarr  24, 1897 


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CoiTjStttution 

ARTICLE  I. 

This  Association  shall  be  called  The  American  Paper  and  Pulp 
Association,  and  any  member  of  a  firm,  officer  or  director  of  a  com- 
pany or  corporation  engaged  in  the  manufacture  or  sale  of  paper 
or  pulp  in  the  United  States,  upon  favorable  consideration  by  the 
Executive  Council,  in  accordance  with  Article  VIII.,  Sec.  3,  who 
shall  pay  an  admission  fee  of  ten  dollars,  shall  be  enrolled  as  a 
member. 

ARTICLE  IL 

4^hitcts 

The  objects  of  this  organization  are  social  intercourse,  the  con- 
sideration of  matters  of  general  interest  to  our  trade,  and  the  pro- 
motion of  its  welfare. 

ARTICLE  in. 

The  officers  shall  be  a  president,  seven  vice-presidents  and  a  sec- 
retary who  shall  act  as  treasurer;  and  these  officers  shall  constitute 
the  Executive  Council  of  the  Association. 

The  vice-presidents  shall  be  chosen  one  from  each  of  the  follow- 
ing classes,  viz.:  Writing,  book,  news,  wrapping,  board,  pulp  and 
chemical  fibre. 

ARTICLE  IV. 

ejection  of  ^fTicEr? 

The  officers  of  this  Association  shall  be  elected  at  the  annual 
meeting  by  ballot,  on  a  majority  of  all  the  votes  cast,  and  shall 
serve  until  their  successors  are  chosen. 

ARTICLE  V. 
I^refibent 

It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  president  to  preside  at  all  meetings  of 
the  Association  and  the  Executive  Council,  and  to  enforce  the 
rules  and  regulations  of  the  Association. 


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lO  CONSTITUTION 

ARTICLE  VI. 

In  the  absence  or  disability  of  the  president,  a  vice-president  to 
be  designated  by  his  associates  shall  perform  the  duties  of  the  pres- 
ident and  officiate  in  his  stead. 

It  shall  be  the  duty  of  each  vice-president  to  report  to  the  Asso- 
ciation, at  its  annual  meeting,  the  general  condition  during  his  term 
of  office  of  the  trade  and  the  class  he  represents. 


ARTICLE  VII. 
.:^ecrttari?  anb  'Crearfurer 

It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  secretary  and  treasurer  to  keep  a  record 
of  the  proceedings  of  the  Association  at  its  meetings;  to  keep  a  cor- 
rect roll  of  all  the  members  of  the  Association;  to  conduct  all  cor- 
respondence, keeping  copies  of  the  same;  to  receive  all  moneys  due 
the  Association  and  pay  all  bills  contracted  by  it,  such  bills  being 
first  approved  by  the  president  or  one  vice-president. 

He  shall  keep  a  correct  account  of  his  receipts  and  expenditures 
and  shall  make  a  report  at  the  annual  meeting  or  at  any  other  time 
if  so  requested  by  the  Executive  Council. 

The  sum  of  four  hundred  dollars  shall  be  paid  the  secretary  annu- 
ally to  defray  the  expenses  connected  with  his  office. 


-  ARTICLE  VIII. 
€iptcutiOt  Councif 

The  Executive  Council  shall  have  general  charge  and  control  of 
the  affairs  of  the  Association.  Three  of  their  number  shall  be  a 
quorum  for  the  transaction  of  business. 

A  regular  meeting  of  the  Council  shall  be  held  at  the  time  and 
place  of  the  annual  meeting  of  the  Association,  at  such  hour  as  the 
president  may  designate,  and  special  meetings  of  the  Council  shall  be 
held  on  the  call  of  three  members  thereof  at  such  place  as  they  may 
designate,  notice  having  been  given  by  the  secretary,  which  shall 
state  the  object  of  the  meeting. 

Each  candidate  for  election  shall  be  proposed  and  seconded  by 
members  of  the  Association  and  shall  be  voted  on  by  the  Executive 
Council,  a  majority  of  whose  votes  shall  be  necessary  for  election. 


CONSTITUTION 


II 


ARTICLE  IX. 

To  defray  the  expenses  of  the  Association  an  annual  assessment  of 
five  dollars,  payable  on  February  ist,  for  the  current  calendar  year, 
shall  be  levied  on  each  member. 

The  Executive  Council  shall  have  power  to  make  special  assess- 
ments upon  members  if  such  are  found  necessary. 

ARTICLE  X. 
JHeetingf 

The  Association  shall  have  its  annual  meeting  at  such  time  and 
place  as  the  Executive  Council  may  determine,  notice  being  given  at 
least  two  weeks  in  advance. 

Special  meetings  of  the  Association  may  be  called  at  any  time  by 
the  Executive  Council,  giving  not  less  than  two  weeks'  notice  of  the 
same,  and  on  application  of  any  three  members  of  the  Association 
such  special  meeting  shall  be  called. 

In  connection  with  the  annual  meeting  the  Association  shall  hold  a 
banquet,  the  expense  of  which  shall  be  borne  by  the  members  par- 
ticipating. 

ARTICLE  XI. 
Iflon-'papment  of  ^uef 

Any  member  failing  to  pay  any  sum  due  the  Association  from  him 
within  three  months  from  the  date  of  its  becoming  due  may  be 
dropped  from  the  roll  of  membership  by  the  vote  of  the  majority  of 
the  Executive  Council  at  any  regular  or  special  meeting  of  the 
Council. 

ARTICLE  Xn. 

Xmenbmentf 

This  constitution  may  be  amended  at  any  annual  meeting  of  the 
Association  by  a  two-thirds  vote  of  the  members  present,  providing 
Buch  amendment  has  been  submitted  to  the  members  in  a  printed  or 
written  notice  at  least  thirty  days  before  such  meeting. 

This  article  may  be  suspended,  however,  by  a  unanimous  vote  of 
the  members  present. 


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OFFICER: 


1878-79 

President 
William  Whiting,  Holyoke,  Mass. 

First  Vice-President 
John  T.  Averill,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

Second  Vice-President 
Wellington  Smith,  Lee,  Mass. 

Secretary 
Charles  O.  Chapin,  Springfield,  Mass. 

Treasurer 
James  A.  Hill,  Middletown,  Ohio 


officers 

1880-81-82 

t 

President 
Wellington  Smith,  Lee,  Mass. 

First  Vice-President 
O.  H.  Greenleaf,  Holyoke,  Mass. 

Second  Vice-President 
William  Manning,  Miamisburg,  Ohio 

Secretary 
Charles  O.  Chapin,  Springfield,  Mass. 

Treasurer 
Geo.  W.  Wheelwright,  Boston,  Mass. 


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1879-80 

President 
William  Whiting,  Holyoke,  Mass. 

First  Vice-President 
Wellington  Smith,  Lee,  Mass. 

Second  Vice-President 
John  T.  Averill,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

Secretary 
Charles  O.  Chapin.  Springfield,  Mass. 

Treasurer 
James  A.  Hill.  Middletown.  Ohio 


1882-83 

President 
J.  W.  French,  Three  Rivers,  Mich. 

First  Vice-President 
O.  H.  Greenleaf,  Holyoke,  Mass. 

Second  Vice-President 
A.  E.  Harding,  Franklin.  Ohio 

Secretary  and  Treasurer 
Charles  O.  Chapin,  Springfield,  Mass. 


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l6  OFFICERS 


1883-84 

President 
J.  W.  French,  Three  Rivers,  Mich. 

F/i- if-  Presidents 

Writing— O.  H.  Greenleaf.  Springfield,  Mass. 

Book—].  C.  DiTMAN,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

News—].  L.  RuBEL,  Louisville,  Ky. 

Afani//a—GEOKCE  West,  Ballston  Spa,  N.  Y. 

Straw  Wrapping— Geokqb  H.  Friend,  Lockland,  Ohio. 

Boards — Maurice  Fitzc.ibbons,  Boonton,  N.  J. 

Secretary  and  Treasurer 
D.  P.  Crocker,  Springfield.  Mass. 


1884-85 

President 
William  H.  Parsons,  New  York. 

Vice-Presidents 

Writ'mr  ^  ^'  ^*  G'^^^^leaf,  Holyoke,  Mass. 

(  W.  R.  Sheffield,  Saugerties,  N.  Y. 
Pook  ^  ^^^'  ^-  Dickinson,  Holyoke.  Mass. 

(  J.  L.  RuBEL,  Louisville,  Ky. 
y        <  Geo.  W.  Russell,  Lawrence,  Mass. 
(  J.  A.  KiMBKKLY,  Appleton,  Wis. 

Manilla  ^  ^'  '^'  ^^^^^^^^  ^^'  Paul,  Minn. 
I  MosEs  Newton,  Holyoke,  Mass. 

Straw  Wrapping^  "'  ^^  ^^^  ''^  ^^^»^'  Stockport,  N.  Y. 
^^    *  <  C.  M.  Smith,  Chicago.  111. 

Boaris^  B.  C.  Faurot,  Lima,  Ohio. 
<  C.  D.  Brown,  Portland,  Me. 

Secretary  and  Treasurer 
D.  P.  Crocker,  Holyoke,  Mass. 


OFFICERS 


1885-86 

President 
William  H.  Parsons,  New  York 

Vice-Presidents 
Writin0^\  O.  H.  Greenleaf,  Holyoke,  Mass. 

■^  (  W.  R.  Sheffield,  Saugerties,  N.  Y. 
Book  ^  Augustine  Smith,  New  York 

{  Geo.  H.  Friend,  Lockland,  Ohio 
News^  Chas.  T.  Crocker,  Boston,  Mass. 
\  J.  Van  Nortwick,  Chicago,  111. 

Manilla  \  J'  '^'  Averill,  St.  Paul.  Minn. 
(  Chas.  A.  Dean,  Boston,  Mass. 

Straw  Wrapping  \  "'  ^'  ^^^  ^^  ^^^^'  Stockport,  N.  Y. 
^^    ^  <  C.  M.  Smith,  Chicago,  111. 

Bo     ds^  ^'  ^'  ^^^^N'  Portland,  Me. 

i  J.  F.  Seiberling,  Akron,  Ohio. 

Secretary  and  Treasurer 
D.  P.  Crocker,  Springfield,  Mass. 

1886-87 

President 
Byron  Weston,  Dalton,  Mass, 

Vice-Presidents 
IV   ■/  •  <r^  John  A.  McElwain,  Holyoke,  Mass. 

***  I  C.  H.  Harding,  Franklin,  Ohio. 
„     ,  j  Edward  C.  Taft,  Holyoke,  Mass. 

\  M.  B.  Mason.  Boston.  Mass. 
j^        (  George  W.  Russell.  Boston,  Mass. 

\  Hiram  Allen,  Sandy  Hill,  N.  Y. 
j^     .J J   j  George  West,  Ballston  Spa,  N.  Y. 
\  Moses  Newton,  Holyoke,  Mass. 

Straw  Wrapping  \  ^-  ^^  ^^^  ^^  ^^^^'  Stockport,  N.  Y. 
^^    -^  <  C.  M.  Smith,  Chicago,  111. 

n        .  j  C.  D.  Brown,  Portland,  Me. 

(  J.  F.  Seiberling,  Akron,  Ohio 

Secretary  and  Treasurer 
E.  C.  Rogers,  Holyoke,  Mass. 


17 


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OFFICERS 


<Dfficrr0 


1887-88 

President 
Byron  Weston,  Dalton,  Mass. 

Vice-Presidents 

Writine\  ^^^^  ^'  ^^Elwain,  Holyoke,  Mass. 

^1  C.  H.  Harding,  Franklin,  Ohio 
Book  \  ®^^^^°  ^'  Taft,  Holyoke,  Mass. 

(  M.  B.  Mason,  Boston,  Mass. 
NeivsX  ^^0*°'  W.  Russell,  Boston,  Mass. 
(  Hiram  Allen,  Sandy  Hill,  N.  Y. 

Manilla  \  ^^°^°^  West,  Ballston  Spa,  N.  Y. 
\  Mosis  Newton,  Holyoke,  Mass. 


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Straw  Wrapping\^'^-  Y^^  ^^  <=^^^^'  Stockport.  N.  Y. 
^^    ^\C.  M.  Smith,  Chicago,  111. 

jC.  D. 

(J.  F. 


Boards 


Chicagi 
Brown,  Portland,  Me. 
Seiberling,  Akron,  Ohio 

Chemical  Fibre  \  ^'  "'  C^^^^'  ^'^^^  ^orks.  Me. 
(  R.  H.  Emerson,  Jackson,  Mich. 

Secretary  and  Treasurer 
E.  C.  Rogers.  Holyoke,  Mass. 

1888-89 

President 

E.  C.  Rogers,  Holyoke,  Mass. 

Vice-Presidents 

Writing  \  '^'  ^'  ^°^^'  Adams,  Mass. 

\  C.  H.  Mullen,  Mount  Holly  Springs,  Pa. 

Book  ^  ^'  ^'  ^^^^'  Boston,  Mass. 

\  N.  T.  Pulsifer,  Manchester,  Conn. 

News  \  ^*  ^'  W^^^^'  Skaneateles,  N.  Y. 
(  Loren  Allen,  Sandy  Hill,  N.  Y. 

Manilla  •(  J-  ^*  Waterbury,  New  York 

(  J.  M.  Johnson,  Middletown,  Ohio 

Straw  Wrapping  \^'  ^'  ^^'^  ^«  ^^^*'  Stockport.  N.  Y. 

*  <  C.  M.  Smith,  Chicago,  111. 

Boards  \  ^*  ^'  ^'**^^'*'  Portland,  Me. 
(  C.  L.  Hawes,  Dayton,  Ohio 

Chemical  Fibre  \  ^'  "'  ^^^^^'  Boston,  Mass. 

(  R.  H.  Emerson,  Jackion,  Mich. 

Secretary  and  Treasurer 
Oscar  S.  Greenleaf,  Holyoke,  Mass. 


OFFICERS 


^ftittii 


19 


1889-90 

President 
E.  C.  Rogers,  Holyoke,  Mass. 

Vice-Presidents 
yrr  y .      j  T.  A.  Mole,  Adams,  Mass. 

(  C.  H.  Mullen,  Mount  Holly  Springs,  Pa. 
D     7  j  M.  B.  Mason,  Boston,  Mass. 

(  F.  C.  Shattuck,  Neenah,  Wis. 
«r       j  C.  G.  Weeks,  Skaneateles,  N.  Y. 

(  Warren  Curtis,  Palmer's  Falls,  N.  Y. 

Manilla  \  l  **;  ^'^■"^'"'"^,T- ^f ^  ^°'\^. 
i  J.  M.  Johnson,  Middletown,  Ohio 

Straw  Wrapping  \  ^'  ^-  ^^^  °^  ^^^^'  Stockport.  N.  Y. 

^^    "^  (  C.  M.  Smith,  Chicago,  111. 
n        ,  j  C.  D.  Brown,  Portland,  Me. 
(  O.  C.  Barber,  Akron,  Ohio 

^j       ■    ;  c-f      <  E.  H.  Clapp,  Boston,  Mass. 
Chemical  Fibre  \  ^    ^^   ^  ^    .  ,-.  , 

'.  R.  H.  Emerson,  Jackson,  Mich. 

Secretary  and  Treasurer 

Oscar  S.  Greenleaf,  Holyoke,  Mass. 

1890-91 

President 

W.  A.  Russell,  Lawrence,  Mass. 

Vice-Presiden  ts 
rrr  '^'      j  B.  D.  Rising,  Springfield,  Mass. 

I  C.  H.  Mullen,  Mount  Holly  Springs,  Pa. 
„     r  j  Charles  D.  Brown,  Boston,  Mass. 
i  F.  C.  Shattuck,  Neenah,  Wis. 

News  \  ^'  ^'  ^^^^'  Chicago,  111. 

i  Warren  Curtis,  Palmer's  Falls,  N.  Y. 
J^J      .J,   j  D.  W.  Mabee,  Ballston  Spa,  N.  Y. 
(  Robert  McAlpine,  Marinette,  Wis. 

i-^  iir    J.J.-      i  H.  S.  Van  de  Carr,  Stockport,  N.  Y. 

btraw  Wrapping  ]^^   ^   ^^  r^     J      ^m,- 

(  H.  E.  Meade,  Dayton,  Ohio 

r,        ,   (  E.  B.  Denison,  Portland,  Me. 
Boards  \  ^   ^  ^  \ ,  ' . 

(  O.  C.  Barber,  Akron,  Ohio 


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Oumical  Fibre  \  J-  A-  Kimberly.  Appleton.  Wis 

(  Samuel  L.  Montague,  Cambridge, 

Secretary  and  Treasurer 
William  T.  Barker,  Boston,  Mass. 


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OFFICERS 


1891-92 

President 
William  A.  Russell,  Lawrence,  Mass. 

Vice-Presidents 

Writing— y^iLiAKVi  Whiting,  Holyoke,  Mass. 
Book — George  W.  Russell,  Lawrence,  Mass. 
News—F.  H.  Parks,  Glens  Falls.  N.  Y. 
Manilla — Robert  McAlpine,  Marinette,  Wis. 
Straw  Wrapping— ¥L.  E.  Mead,  Dayton,  Ohio 
Boards— O.  C.  Barber,  Akron,  Ohio 
Wood  Pulp— Hugh  J.  Chisholm,  Portland.  Me. 
Chemical  Fibre— K.  G.  Paine,  New  York 

Secretary  and  Treasurer 
William  T.  Barker,  Boston,  Mass. 


OFFICERS 


1894-1896* 

President 
Augustus  G.  Paine,  New  York 

Vice-Presidents 

Writing — Arthur  W.  Eaton,  South  Lee,  Mass. 
Book — William  T.  Barker,  Boston,  Mass. 
News — H.  A.  Frambach,  Kaukauna,  Wis. 
Manilla — W.  C.  Hamilton,  Marinette,  Wis. 
Straw  Wrapping—^.  B.  Halladay,  Chicago,  III. 
Wood  Pulp— HvGH  J.  Chisholm,  Portland,  Me. 
Chemical  Fibre — Thomson  Duncan.  Hartford,  Conn. 
Boards— O.  C.  Barber,  Akron,  Ohio 

Secretary  and  Treasurer 
George  C.  Sherman,  Watertown,  N.  Y. 


21 


1892-94.* 

President 
Warner  Miller,  New  York 

Vice-Presidents 

Writing— William  Whiting,  Holyoke,  Mass. 
^^^>^— George  W.  Russell,  Lawrence,  Mass. 
News—U.  A.  Frambach,  Kaukauna,  Wis. 
Manilla—].  A.  Van  Nortwick,  Appleton,  Wis. 
Straw  Wrapping— Thomas  F.  Rice,  Chicago,  111. 
Boards— O.  C.  Barber,  Akron,  Ohio. 

Wood  Pulp— HvGH  J.  Chisholm,  Portland,  Me. 
Chemical  Fibre— K.  G.  Paine,  New  York 

Secretary  and  Treasurer 

William  T.  Barker.  Boston,  Mass. 
*  No  meeting  in  1893. 


1896-1897 

President 
George  F.  Perkins,  New  York 

Vice-Presidents 

Writing— W,  F.  Whiting,  Holyoke,  Mass. 
Book—].  N.  MoHR,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
News—Q.  C.  Sherman,  Watertown,  N.  Y. 
Manilla— D.  W.  Mabee,  Ballston,  N.  Y. 
Straw  Wrapping— Hi..  J.  Fitch,  Chicago,  111. 

Wood  Pulp—K.  B.  Fullerton,  New  York 
Chemical  Fibre— K.  G.  Paine,  Jr.,  New  York 
Boards — J.  W.  French,  Niles,  Mich. 

Secretary  and  Treasurer 
W.  H.  Parsons,  Jr.,  New  York 

*  Held  office  until  February,  1896. 


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ACKERMAN,  J.  FRED       .        .        .        .       66  and  68  Duane  St.,  New  York 

Perkins,   Goodwin  &  Co. 

ADAMS,     EDWARD     M Holyoke.     Mass. 

Chemical  Paper  Co. 

ALLEN,    LOREN Sandy   Hill,    N.    Y. 

Vice-Pres.   Allen  Bros.   Co. 

ANDERSON,    JOHN    G Tyrone,    Pa. 

Sec.  and  Treas.  Morrison  &  Cass  Paper  Co. 
ARKELL,  W.  J Judge  Building,  New  York 

ARMSTRONG.  M.    M Times    Building,  New  York 

Vice-Pres.  New  York  and  Pennsylvania  Co. 
ATTERBURY,  ROBERT  BAKEWELL      .        .      140  Nassau  St..  New  York 

Pres.  Chelsea  Paper  Manufacturing  Co. 

BAER,  GEORGE  F. Reading.  Pa. 

Pres.   Reading   Paper  Mills. 

BARE.  D.  M Roaring  Spring,  Pa. 

D.  M.  Bare  &  Co. 
BARKER,   WILLIAM   TORREY        .        178   Devonshire   St.,    Boston,    Mass. 

W.  T.  Barker  &  Co. 
BARNES,  JR.,  JOHN  SANFORD        ...       32  Nassau  St..  New  York 

Vice-Pres.   The   Manufacturing   Investment   Co. 
BARTON,   CHARLES   SUMNER Worcester,    Mass. 

BELDEN.  MILTON  B 241-243  West  Broadway,  New  York 

BENDIG,  F.  H 4805    Woodlawn    Ave.,    Philadelphia,    Pa. 

BERMINGHAM,  E.  F Dexter,  Jeflferson  Co..  N.  Y. 

Sec.  and  Treas.   Dexter  Sulphite  Pulp  and   Paper  Co. 
BERTUCH,   FREDERICK        ....        3-9   Beekman   St..    New   York 

Frederick   Bertuch  &   Co. 

BICKFORD.   LLEWELLYN   M Portland.   Me. 

Treas.   Otis  Falls  Pulp  Co. 

BLACKMAN,  HENRY 132  Mulberry  St.,  New  York 

Pres.  Muncie  Pulp  Co. 

BLANDY,   ISAAC   C Schuylerville.    N.   Y. 

Pros.   American  Wood   Board   Co. 

BOYCE.    BENJAMIN    S Ypsilanti,   Mich. 

Sec.  and  Treas.   Peninsular  Paper  Co. 

BOWKER.    NELSON    J Niagara   Falls,   N.   Y. 

Sec.    The   Pettebone-Cataract   Co. 

BOWMAN,  HENRY    H ,3    Park    Row.  New    York 

Pres.   and   Treas.    Adams   &    Bishop    Co. 

BROCKLEBANK.  JOHN  C The  Rookery.   Chicago,  111. 

Sec'y  Manufacturers    Paper  Co. 
BROWN,  CHARLES  D.        .        .        .        156-158  Congress  St.,  Boston,  Mass. 

Pres.  Kennebec  Fibre  Co.,  &c. 

BROWN,  HERBERT  J. p^^tland.  Me. 

Treas.  Berlin  Mills  Co. 


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26  MEMBERS 

BROWN,  WILLIAM  W Portland,  Me. 

Pres.  Berlin  Mills  Co.,  &c. 

BROWNING,  FRANK  W Norwich,  Conn. 

Sec.  and  Treas.  Uncas  Paper  Co. 

BUCHANAN,  R.  GEORGE        ....       Decatur  St.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Vice-Pres.  and  Sec.  Garrett- Buchanan  Co. 

BULKLEY,  JONATHAN 75-77  Duane  St.,  New  York 

Bulkley,  Dunton  &  Co. 

BULLARD   2D,    DANIEL   A Schuylerville,    N.    Y. 

Sec.  and  Treas.  Schuylerville  Paper  Co. 

BURBANK,  ALONZO   N 85  Water  St.,   Boston,   Mass. 

Treas.  Fall  Mountain  Paper  Co.,  &c. 

BURDICK,  FRANK  M Gouverneur,  N.  Y. 

Treas.  Gouverneur  Wood  Pulp  Co. 

BURGESS,  THEODORE  P Berlin,  N.  H. 

Treas.  Burgess  Sulphite  Fibre  Co. 

BURLEIGH,  HENRY  G Whitehall,  N.  Y. 

Hudson  River  Pulp  and  Paper  Co. 

BURNETT,    CHARLES    M Turners    Falls,     Mass. 

Treas.   Keith  Paper  Co. 

BUSH,   CHARLES  E Ticonderoga,   N.   Y. 

Sec.  and  Treas.  Ticonderoga  Pulp  and  Paper  Co. 

CALDWELL,  WINFORD  N Holyoke,  Mass. 

Treas.   Riverside  Paper   Co. 
CALLENDER,  CHARLES    E Glendale,   Mass. 

CARPENTER,  FRANK    P Manchester,  N.    H. 

Treas.  Amoskeag  Paper  Mills. 

CARSON,  JOHN  D Dalton,  Mass. 

Treas.  Old  Berkshire  Mills  Co. 

CARTER,  ROBERT  D Pulitzer  Building,  New  York 

Pres.  and  Treas.  The  Wanaque  River  Paper  Co. 

CASE,    A.    WELLS Highland  Park,   Conn. 

Case  Brothers. 

CASE,    RAYMOND    S Unionville,     Conn. 

Case  Manufacturing  Co. 

CASS,    JOSEPH     K Tyrone,    Pa. 

Pres.  Morrison  &  Cass  Paper  Co. 

CHAHOON,    GEORGE Ausable    Forks,   N.   Y. 

Vice-Pres.  J.  &  J.  Rogers  Co. 
CHATFIELD,  ALBERT  HAYDEN        .        West  Fourth  St.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio 

Vice-Pres.  The  Chatfield  &  Woods  Co. 

CHENEY,  P.  C Manchester,  N.  H. 

Pres.  and  Treas.  Cheney  Co.,   &c. 

CHISHOLM,    HUGH    J.       .  Portland,  Me. 

Pres.  Otis  Falls  Pulp  Co.,  &c. 

CLAPP,  ARTHUR  W 620  Atlantic  Ave.,   Boston,  Mass. 

Treas.  Penobscot  Chemical  Fibre  Co.,  &c. 

CLAPP,  EUGENE  H 620  Atlantic  Ave.,   Boston,   Mass. 

Vice-Pres.   Penobscot  Chemical   Fibre  Co.,  &c. 

COBURN.  JOHN    R Carthage,  N.    Y. 

Sec'y  Newton   Falls  Paper  Co. 

CONLEY,    JAMES 32    Liberty    St.,    New    York 

Manufacturing  Investment  Co. 


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MEMBERS  27 

CONROVV,  THEODORE 33  Beekraan  St.,  New  York 

Conrow  Brothers. 

CONROW,  WILLIAM  E 33  Beekman  St.,  New  York 

Conrow  Brothers. 

COOLIDGE.  T.  S Glens  Falls,   N.   Y. 

Vice-Pres.  Lake  George  Paper  Co. 

CORNWELL,  CLARK Jackson,   Mich. 

Pres.   Ypsilanti  Paper  Co. 

COWLES,  DAVID  S 257  Broadway,  New  York 

Pres,  Pejepscot  Paper  Co.,  &c. 

CRANE,  W.   MURRAY Dalton,   Mass. 

Crane  &  Co.,  &c. 

CRANE,  ZENAS Dalton,   Mass. 

Z.  &  W.  M.  Crane. 

CROCKER,   C.   A Holyoke,   Mass. 

Treas.  Crocker  Manufacturing  Co. 

CURTIS,    WARREN Palmer,    Saratoga    Co.,    N.    Y. 

Treas.  Hudson  River  Pulp  and  Paper  Co. 
DANIELL,   EUGENE  SANGER       ....        Franklin  Falls,   N.   H. 

Asst.  Treas.  Winnipiseogee  Paper  Co. 

DANIELL,     WARREN    FISHER Franklin,   N.    H. 

Pres.  Winnipiseogee  Paper  Co. 

DANIELS.  ARTHUR  B Adams,  Mass. 

Treas.  L.  L.  Brown  Paper  Co. 
DEAN.  CHARLES  AUGUSTUS        ...       42  Federal  St.,  Boston,  Mass. 

Vice-Pres.   Hollingsworth  &  Whitney  Co. 

DELANO,   CLAYTON    H.        ...        620  Atlantic   Ave.,    Boston,    Mass. 

Pres.  Penobscot  Chemical  Fibre  Co.,  &c. 

DENISON,    ELIAS    B Portland,    Me. 

Treas.  Androscoggin   Pulp  Co. 

DENNISON,  A.  T Hancock  Building,  Boston,  Mass. 

W.  H.  Parsons  &  Co. 

DICKINSON.  HENRY   S Holyoke.   Mass. 

Pres.  and  Treas.  George  R.  Dickinson  Paper  Co. 

DILLON,    W.    B Pulitzer    Building,  New  York 

Glens  Falls  Paper  Mill  Co. 
DOBILINSKI,    C.    H Lambertville.    N.    J. 

DRAPER,  WALTER  HOLBROOK Wilmington,  Vt. 

Deerfield  River  Co. 

DUNCAN,  JOHN  C. Mechanicsville,  N.  Y. 

The  Duncan  Co. 

DUNCAN,  THOMAS 21  Times  Building,  New  York 

Treas.  The  Duncan  Co. 

EATON,  ARTHUR  W South    Lee,    Mass. 

Pres.  and  Treas.  Hurl  but  Paper  Manufacturing  Co. 

EDGERTON.  CHARLES  A Mittineague.  Mass. 

Southworth  Co. 

ELLIOT.  A.   G 50-34  South  Sixth  St.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

A.  G.  Elliot  &  Co. 

EMBREE,  EDWARD  L Buena  Vista.  Va. 

Treas.  Columbian  Paper  Co. 

EMERSON,  J.  T Claremont,  N.  H. 

Pres.  Sugar  River  Paper  Mill  Co. 


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28  MEMBERS 

EMERY,    JR.,  DANIEL    F Portland,    Me. 

Pres.  Rumford  Falls  Paper  Co. 
ETHERINGTON,  WILLIAM  F.       .        .        .       156  Fifth  Ave,  New  York 

VV.    F.    Etherington   &   Co. 

EVANS,    RUSH    E. Muncie,    Ind. 

Pres.   Consumers  Paper  Co. 

EVERETT,  WILLARD  E Turners  Falls,  Mass. 

Treas.  Turners  Falls  Paper  Co. 

FARREN,  B.  N Montague  City,  Mass. 

Pres.   Montague  Paper  Co. 

FARWELL,  PORTER Turners  Falls,  Mass. 

Pres.  Marshall  Paper  Co.,  &c 
FITZGERALD,   JAMES    M West  Broadway,  New  York 

FLETCHER,   ALLEN   M Rumford   Falls,   Me. 

Rumford  Falls  Sulphite  Co. 
FLINN,  F.  A. 32  Beekman  St.,  New  York 

FLINT,  MERRILL  S 140  Nassau  St.,  New  York 

FORBES,  LAWRENCE  S Burnside,  Conn. 

Pres.    East   Hartford   Manufacturing    Co. 

FORSYTH,  JAMES  B 268  Devonshire  St.,  Boston,  Mass. 

Stone  &  Forsyth. 
FOULDS,     WILLIAM Manchester,     Conn. 

FRAMBACH,    H.    A Kaukauna,   Wis. 

Pres.  Badger  Paper  Co. 
FRENCH,    JOSEPH    W Three    Rivers,    Mich. 

Pres.  Three  Rivers  Paper  Co.,  &c. 
FULLERTON,  KENNEDY  B Times  Building,  New  York 

Vice-Pres.  Manufacturers    Paper  Co. 
GADE,  HENRY 349  Broome  St.,  New  York 

GARABRANT,  DAVID  G 7577  Duane  St.,  New  York 

Bulkley,   Dunton  &   Co. 

GIBSON,   S.   A Kalamazoo,    Mich. 

Pres.  Kalamazoo  Paper  Co. 
GILBERT,   FRANK Waterford,   N.   Y. 

GILL,  JAMES  MILTON Springfield,  Mass. 

GODFREY,  JOSEPH  C 53  State  St.,  Boston,  Mass. 

GOULD,  GEORGE  H.  P Port  Leyden,   N.  Y. 

Sec'y  and  Treas.  Gould  Paper  Co. 

GREENLEAF,   OSCAR  S Holyoke,   Mass. 

Pres.  Holyoke  Paper  Co. 

HALL,  JOHN  A New   Hope,   Pa. 

Scc'y  Union   Mills   Paper  Manufacturing   Co.,    &c. 

HALL,    LEWIS    A Bay   Mills,   Mich. 

Vice-Pres.  Niagara  Falls  Paper  Co. 
HAMILTON,  CHARLES  L.  .       William  Penn,  Montgomery  Co.,  Pa. 

W.  C.  Hamilton  &  Sons. 


MEMBERS  2Q 

HANFORD,  G.  B.       .  ,      r-        o  , 

314  East  Seventh  St.,  New  York 

HAMMOND,  GEORGE  W. 

T7        ,*        •        •        •        •       Yarmouthville,  Me. 
Forest  Paper  Co 

HASKELL,  EDWARD  H.       .       .         ^  „  n.'    c.    t> 

p ;     ,  Vp  „■    ^  ■        •       "  ^*^s  St.,  Boston,  Mass. 

TT^r,^  Rumford   Falls   Paper   Co. 

HASTINGS,  ARTHUR  C.       .  vr- 

Tr;as.ClifrPap;rC;  *  N.agara  Falls,  N.  Y. 
HAVERSTICK,  ALBERT  .  .  469  North  Second  St.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
HAVERSTICK,  EDWIN  U.      .        .      469  North  Second  St.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

HOBSON,  JOHN  L.       .        .  p.,      p   ....        ^ 

Pr.^    ri     \t  '    r   *  ^^  Building,  Boston,  Mass. 

HOLLINGSWORTH   A  L  *  ^^"^-^-"^  Co 

Pres   Tilesinn  i  Vf\v    ^'°'°u^  ^""^^°^'  ^°«*°"'  ^ass. 
HOSFORD,  L  B.  '*""  *  Holhngsworth  Co. 

Gen']\f^l    ri*       aV      'r      ^^°^^  ^"^'<^'"«r.  Boston,  Mass. 
HUBBARD,  CHARLES  l'      ""''"   ^-"^acturing   Co. 

n        ^,*      ."        '        •        •       ^42  Broadway,  New  York 

HUBBS.  CHARLES  F  "'"■  ^"^  ^  ^^  """^-^  ,^%    ,  , 

f-    ^    u  uv  ■   .    U     '     BeAman  St.,  Ntw  York 

INGALLS,  H.  H.  G.       .  """"'  *  '"'■ 

e     ,     '    ,    * Castleton.  N.  Y 

^*-    V  „*  X.  :        •        Temple    Court,    New  York 
JENKS.    CHARLES    C.        °"^  ^'"'  """'  ""■ 

;ONES.    NAXHANIEL^'S  "^  ^^  ^-""  ^^  ^    '        '       '""''  ""'• 
JORDAN.  A.  H    B    ""''■  ^""'■'  '^""'  "^  '^^^^  ^o-       '        '""''""'     ""• 

KNOWLES.  H.  M.      ' ^^'^  ''^'^  ^  ^^  --■,,•       """•  """^ 
K.0WL.O..  GEORGES-  ^'^  ^-'-^  -  "■""^'   """''^   ^- 

KNOVVLTON.    GHO^rG^ W^  ^"^ '"^  ^---  "~"   "^  "^ 

■D    '     r^' Watertown,    N.  Y. 

KOSTER,  JOHNS  f'«-  Ontano  Paper  Co. 

'tt    1*-      *  T,  '        ■        •       •  Lyons  Falls,  N.  Y. 

LANG,  JOHN  ^"'"'""  "^""i  '^o- 

^">  and  Vine  Sts.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

LINDE,  J.   E.       . 

'pres    I'lf   V-  ;    »■       '^*  ^^""™  St.,  New  York 

LINDSAY,  ARCHIBALD  G.  ^^         """''  ^''"  ^°- 

LINDSAY,  EDWInT "  '""•  °"-"  ^-'^^"'  ^'^"  ^"^       ""'"'"  *""" 
LUKE,  DAVID   L  O''^"  ^-'--'n,  Co!        "        "       =—«- 

LUKE,  JOHN  a"^-  ^'^'  ""'^"^  ''^"  --■  I"-"  Co..  r-"-'  ^-  ^- 
Vice-Prec   W^cf  kr-   -     't^  ,   '        '       ^°^  Broadway,  New  York 
LYMAN,  CHKTER  WOLCOTT  ""  ^"^  '""  "'""  ^°-  *'• 

Mgr.  Herkimer  Paper' Co.'        '       "«''-"•   ^.Y. 


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3D  MEMBERS 

MABEE,  DOUGLASS  W •        •       Ballston  Spa,  N.  Y. 

George  West. 
MARSHALL,  JOHN  KNOX        .        .        .        .        i43  Milk  St.,  Boston,  Mass. 

Baeder,  Adamson  &  Co. 

MASON     M.   B 220   Devonshire   St.,    Boston,   Mass. 

S.  D.  Warren  &  Co. 

Mccormick,  JOSEPH  H Times  Building,  New  York 

International  Pulp  Co. 
Mcdonald,  a.  J Couvemeur,  N.  Y. 

McELWAIN,     R.     F Holyoke,     Mass. 

Sec'y  Crocker  Manufacturing  Co. 

McEWAN,  R.  B «'  Wooster  St.,  New  York 

Treas.  McEwan  Brothers  Co.,  &c. 

MEAD,  CHARLES    DURKEE Dayton,  Ohio 

Prea.  The  Mead  Paper  Co. 

MEAD,    H.    E. Dayton,  Ohio 

Vice-Pres.   Mead  Paper  Co. 

MEGARGEE,  BERNARD  B Scranton,  Pa. 

Megargee  Brothers. 
MEGARGEE,  GEORGE  M.        .        .        •        i8  S.  Sixth  St.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Sec'y  Megargee  Paper  Mills. 
MEGARGEE,  IRWIN  N.       .        .        .       "-M  S.  Sixth  St.,  Philadelphia.  Pa. 

I.  N.  Megargee  &  Co. 
MENTZEL,  A.  W ^5  S.  Charles  St..  Baltimore,  Md. 

MILLAR,   GEORGE  W 62-64  Duane  St.,  New  York 

George  W.  Millar  &  Co. 

MILLER,  EBEN 65-67  Duane  St.,  New  York 

Miller,  Sloan  &  Wright. 

MILLER,   ORLANDO    A Columbus,   Ohio 

Pres.  Central  Ohio  Paper  Co.,  &c. 

MILLER.   WARNER Times    Building.    New     York 

Pres.   Herkimer   Paper   Co. 

MILLIKEN.    CHARLES    H Mechanic    Falls,   Me. 

Poland  Paper  Co. 
MOHR.  JAMES  NICHOLAS       .        .        Bullitt  Building,  Philadelphia,   Pa. 

Vice-Pres.  Reading  Paper  Mills. 

MORGAN.  H.  S Saugerties.  N.  Y. 

Saugerties  Paper  Co. 

MORGAN,  JOHN  C Niagara  Falls,  N.  Y. 

Sec'y  and  Gen.  Mgr.  Niagara  Falls  Paper  Co. 

MOORE,    ALBERT    C B«="^^s    F^"^'  V*' 

Pres.  Moore  &  Thompson  Paper  Co. 

MOSES.    GALEN    CLAPP ^^^^'   ^*- 

Treas.  Richards  Paper  Co. 

MOSES.  H.  A. Mittineaguc,  Mass. 

Treas.  and  Mgr.  Mittineague  Paper  Co. 

MULLEN,  CHARLES  H Mount  Holly  Springs,  Pa. 

Pres.  Mount  Holly  Paper  Co. 
NEWTON.    EDWARD    T Holyoke,    Mass. 

Treas.  Waurcgan  Paper  Co. 
NEWTON,    JAMES    HALE Holyoke,    Mass 

Pres.  Waurcgan  Paper  Co. 
NEWTON.  MOSES Holyoke,   Mass. 

Treas.   Chemical   Paper  Co. 


11, 


ME.MBERS  31 

NIXON,  WILLIAM  H.        .        .        .       231  Drexel  Building.  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Pres.  Martin  &  W.  H.  Nixon  Paper  Co. 

OSBORN,  ALBERT  E S4-S6  Franklin  St.,  New  York 

Osborn  &  Wilson. 

OUTTERSON,  JAMES  A Carthage,  N.  Y. 

Pres.    Carthage   Tissue   Paper   Mills. 

PAGE,  H.  T T^.,  , . 

...     •  ^        , Fitchburg.  Mass. 

Vice-Pres.  Geo.  W.  Wheelwright  Paper  Co 

PAINE,  AUGUSTUS  G Times  Building,  New  York 

Pres.  New  York  and  Pennsylvania  Co. 

PAINE.  AUGUSTUS  GJR Times  Building.  New  York 

Gen  1  Mgr.  New  York  and  Pennsylvania  Co. 

PARKER.  JOSEPH  Ne«  Hav«.  Conn. 

Joseph   Parker  &  Son   Co. 

PARKS,    FREDERICK   H Qlens   Falls.   N.   Y 

Vice-Pres.  Glens  Falls  Paper  Mill  Co. 
PARSONS.   MARSELIS   CLARK        ...       ,57   Broadway,    New   York 

Vice-Pres.  W.  H.  Parsons  &  Co.,  &c. 
PARSONS.    WILLIAM    HENRY       ....;,  Broadway.  New  York 

Pres.   W.   H.   Parsons  &   Co.,   &c. 
PARSONS.   WILLIAM   HENRY,  JR.        .        .       ,,,  Broadway.   New   York 

Treas.  W.  H.  Parsons  &  Co.,  &c. 

PERKINS.   GEORGE   F. ^  Duane  S...   New  York 

Perkins.  Goodwin  &  Co. 
PICKLES.  JAMES  D.  .50  Nassau  St..  New  York 

POTTS.    HUGH    E  "      "'  """^  '"^'^  ^''"  ^-  ^  , 

xr'     ^'  ,    '        '        ■        •        •        •       Johnsonburg,  Pa. 
New  York  and  Pennsylvania  Co. 
PULSIFER.    N.    T.        .        .  at       u     .        ^ 

_.  , Manchester.  Conn. 

Pres.  and  Treas.  Oakland  Paper  Co. 

RAMAGE.  JAMES       ...  w  ,     ,      ,., 

••••••••.       Holyoke.  Mass. 

Pres.  Ramage  Paper  Co. 

RANTOUL.  JR..  CHARLES  WILLIAM        .        Times  Building.  New  York 

Ticonderoga  Pulp  and  Paper  Co 

READ,  FRANK  B ^  Washington  St.,  New  York 

REIST.    BENJAMIN    F.        .        .  t  „ 

,,      .        •     ^ Tyrone,     Pa. 

Morrison  &  Cass  Paper  Co. 
REMINGTON.  C.  H.       .       .  w  .    .  xr   ,. 

c    .         J  ^      *    ^ Watertown,  N.  Y. 

bee  y  and  Treas.  Remington  &  Son  Co. 

RICK  THEODORE  F.^  .        ..,  MoLe  S...  Chicago.  lU. 

Vice-Pres.   Bradner    Smith  &  Co. 

RIEGEL.    BENJAMIN  RiegelsviUe.    N.    J. 

^„  John  L.  Riegel  &  Son. 

RILEY,    EDWIN       ...  r-u-  t.  ,         ,, 

^ Chisholm.     Me. 

«T,.^o  Otis  Falls  Pulp  Co. 

RINDSKOPF,  ALFRED  t-         ^   -.j- 

,  rLx^rx^iLij  .        .        ,       x,^gg  Building,  New  York 

Secy   International   Pulp   Co. 

RISING,  B.  D ,,.,,. 

T,  • Mittineague,  Mass. 

Ireas.   Agawam   Paper  Co. 

ROBERTSON.  HENRY  MONTAGUE       .        .       3.9  Broadway.  New  York 

Henry  M.  Robertson  &  Co. 

ROBINSON,   FRANKLIN  E Martha  e    N    Y 

„^^                             Pres.  West  End  Pulp  and  Casket  Co.  ^'' 

ROGERS,  E.   C w  1     1,      itc 

xj             ,  ^        *    , Holyoke,  Mass 

Pres.  and  Treas.  Massasoit  Paper  Mfg.  Co. 


4 


.4 


A 


1 1 


I' 


r-* 


Ml 


; 


3^  MEMBERS 

ROGERS.  JAMES Ausable  Forks,  N.  Y. 

Pres.  J.  &  J.  Rogers  Co. 

RUSSELL,   GEORGE  W 85   Water   St.,   Boston,   M.«. 

Russell  Paper  Co. 

RUSSELL,   WILLIAM  A g,  vVa.er  St.,   Boston,   Mass. 

Pres.  Fall  Mountain  Paper  Co.,  &c. 

RUSSELL,  WILLIAM  D Turnws  Falls,  Ma.,. 

V  ice-Pres.  and  Treas.  Montague  Paper  Co. 

SAVERY.   THOMAS   H.        .        .        .  ^  wnn,;n<,*.„     r.  , 

„         _ Wilmington,    Del. 

i  res.   Denver  Sulphite  Fibre  Co..  &c. 

SCHOELLKOPF,    ARTHUR xi^gara   Falls.    N.    Y. 

Vicc-Pres.    Cliff   Paper   Co. 

SCOTT.  OLIN Bennington,  v.. 

SHARP.  W.  HAROLD        .        .        .        .       a6  S.  Sixth  St.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Treas.  The  Jessup  &  Moore  Paper  Co. 
SHATTUCK,   F.    C j,,„„^^_    ,^.^ 

Sec'y  Atlas  Paper  Co. 

SHEFFIELD.  WILLIAM  R 150  Nassau  St.,  New  York 

Pres.    Stoddard   Paper   Co. 

SHERMAN.    GEORGE    C Watertown,    N.    Y. 

Treas.  Taggarts  Paper  Co. 
SINGERLY,  WILLIAM    M.        .        .        Record    Building,   Philadelphia,   Pa. 

Pres.   Smgerly  Pulp  and  Paper  Co. 

SLOAN.   JOHN    H 55    Duane    St.,    New   York 

Sec'y  and  Treas.  Miller,  Sloan  &  Wright. 

SLOAT.  MAITLAND  B Times  Building.  New  York 

bee  y  and  Treas.  New  York  and  Pennsylvania  Co. 
SMITH,   C.   F.   MATHER        ....        1x9  Monroe   St..    Chicago.   111. 

Sec'y  Bradner    Smith  &  Co. 

SMITH.    WELLINGTON l,,^    ^ass. 

Treas.  Smith  Paper  Co. 

SNELL.    B.    H p,t,d,^^    j^     Y. 

Sec'y  Racquette  River  Paper  Co. 
SNIDER.    H.    J Cincinnati.   Ohio 

SOUTHWORTH.    CHARLES    H.       .        .        .       South  Hadley  Falls.  Mass. 

Treas.  Carew  Manufacturing  Co.,  &c. 

SOUTHWORTH.  H.  W Mittineague,  Mass. 

Pres.  and  Treas.  Southworth  Co. 

SPARKS,    E.    G. Hamburg.   N.  J. 

Pres.  The  Sparks   Manufacturing  Co. 
SPICER.  FREMONT  WAYNE  .  7  and  9  Stonecastle  St.,  E.  C,  London,  Eng. 

Perkins,  Goodwin  &  Co. 

SPIER.  WILLIAM   E Glens  Falls.   N.   Y. 

Pres.  Glens  Falls  Paper  Mill  Co. 

SQUIER,  FRANK 55^  Ouang  st.,  New  York 

Perkins,  Goodwin  &  Co. 

STEARNS,  EDWARD  H Unionville,  Conn. 

Treas.  The  Plainer  &  Porter  Paper  Manufacturing  Co. 

STOEVER.   CHARLES  M Minor  St..  Philadelphia.  Pa. 

Charles  M.  Stoever  &  Co. 

STOKES,  HENRY  W 308  Walnut  St.,  Philadelphia.  Pa. 

Sec'y  and  Treas.  York  Haven  Paper  Co. 

STRATTON.    HOMER    J pairfield.   Mass. 

Treas.  Woronoco  Paper  Co. 


MEMBEItS  33 

STUART,   W.   A. Neave   Building.    Cincinnati.    Ohio 

Stuart  &  Brown. 

THOMPSON,  G.  W 44  Murray  St..  New  York 

Pres.  Diamond  Mills  Paper  Co. 
TRAIN,  SAMUEL  PUTNAM       ...       24  Federal  St.,  Boston,  Mass. 

Train.  Smith  &  Co. 

VERNON,  T.  ALFRED 22-26  Reade  St.,  New  York 

Vernon  Brothers  &  Co. 

VILMAR,  FREDERICK 66-68  Duane  St.,  New  York 

Perkins,  Goodwin  &  Co. 

WALKLEY,  L.  V 26  Cortlandt  St.,  New  York 

Pultz    &   Walkley   Co. 

WALLER,  TOM  T Piercefield,  N.   Y. 

Pres.   Piercefield  Falls   Paper   Co. 

WARREN,  FISK 220  Devonshire  St.,  Boston,  Mass. 

S.  D.  Warren  &  Co. 

WEBSTER.  J.  FRED Orono,  Me. 

Pres.  Webster  Paper  Co. 

WEEKS,  CHARLES  G Skaneateles,  N.  Y. 

Sec'y  and  Treas.  Lakeside  Paper  Co. 
WEST,  GEORGE Ballston  Spa,  N.   Y. 

WESTON,  BYRON       . Dalton,  Mass. 

Pres.  Byron  Weston  Co. 

WHEELWRIGHT.  GEORGE  W.       ...       95  Milk  St.,  Boston,  Mas*. 

Pres.  The  George  Wheelwright  Paper  Co. 

WHITEHOUSE,  F.  C Brunswick.  Me. 

Treas.  Lisbon  Falls  Fibre  Co. 
WHITING,  GEORGE  A Menasha,  Wis. 

WHITING,   S.   R Holyoke,   Mask 

Whiting  Paper  Co. 
WHITING,    WILLIAM Holyoke.    Mast. 

Pres.  Whiting  Paper  Co. 
WHITING,  W.  F. Holyoke,  Mass. 

Treas.  Whiting  Paper  Co. 
WHITNEY,  H.  M 64  Federal  St.,  Boston,  Mass. 

Tileston  &  Hollingsworth. 
WHITTELSEY,   FRANK   H Windsor  Locks,  Coniu 

WICKHAM,    CLARENCE    H Hartford,   Connu 

Pres.  Hartford  Manilla  Co.,  &c. 

WILDER,  H.  A. 220  Devonshire  St.,  Boston,  Mass^ 

Treas.  Olcott  Falls  Co. 
WILKINSON,    EDWARD    T.       .        .        .       419-421  Broome  St.,  New  York 

Pres.  Wilkinson  Brothers  &  Co. 

WILKINSON,  THOMAS  P 419-421  Broome  St.,  New  York 

Sec'y  Wilkinson   Brothers   &   Co. 

WILSON,  FRANK  W S4-S6  Franklin  St.,  New  York 

Osborn  &  Wilson. 
WILSON,  JOHN        ....        Chamber  of  Commerce,  Baltimore,  Md. 

Pres.  Cumberland  Paper  Co. 

WOOLWORTH,  C.  C Castleton.  N.  Y. 

Pres.  and  Treas.  Fort  Orange  Paper  Co. 

WRIGHT,  EDWARD  E 67  Duane  St.,   New   York 

Miller.  Sloan  &  Wright. 


MIIHIli 


I); 


34 


DECEASED    MEMBERS 


CLASSIFICATION 


35 


^v.. 


€\a»Mcation  of  iSX^txabm 


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1. 1 


ri  « 


h 


\\: 


^eceajied 


WATSON,    B.    F. New    York 

Died  August  15,  1897. 

WILDER,   CHARLES  TYLER  ....         VVellesley  Hills,   Mass. 

Died  September  16,  1897. 

BULLARD,  EDWARD  CHESSELDEN      ....      Schuylerville,  N.  Y. 

Died  September  18,  1897. 

SOUTHWORTH,  EDWARD  COURTLAND      .      South  Hadley  Falls,  Mass. 

Died  September  22,  1897. 

MOREHOUSE,  ROBERT  OWEN      .      .      .      Bridesburg,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Died  October  26,  1897. 

HALLADAY,    JOHN    B Chicago,    111. 

Died  January  11,  1898. 

TILESTON,  JOHN   BOIES Boston,   Mass. 

Died  January  24,  1898. 


MANUFACTURERS 
Writing 
Book 
News 
Wrapping 
Wood  pulp 
Chemical  fibre 
Boards 
Miscellaneous 


Duplicates ' 


Total  number  of  manufacturers 
DEALERS  


Duplicates** 


UNCLASSIFIED 


41 
53 

49 

26 

7 
34 

9 
14 

233 


191 
61 

252 

18 

234 

II 


Total  number  of  members 


••♦3 


v 


« 


•  Appearing  in  more  than  one  class. 

**  Appearing  as  both  manufacturers  and  dealers. 


y^vta 


DISTRIBUTION 


;* 


If  i 


It 


\A 


I. 


.1 


jD(j8trtbttt(on  of  ^tmhtt$* 


Maine 

New  Hampshire    . 

Vermont 

Massachusetts         p 

Connecticut 


New  England  States 


New  York 
New  Jersey 
Pennsylvania 
Delaware 


Middle  States    . 


Maryland 

Virginia 

West  Virginia 

Ohio 

Michigan 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Wisconsin 

England 


Total 

New  York  city 
Boston 
Philadelphia 
Holyoke 


•According  to  their  business  addresses. 


14 

6 

3 

63 

10 


96 


96 

3 

35 

I 


125 


3 
I 
I 

6 
6 
I 

3 

3 
I 


24 


245 


58 
25 
15 
14 


ciajsjsmea  tm  of  fSimTam' 


Adams,  E.  M. 
Atterbury,  E.   B. 
Bare,   D.   M. 
Bowman,   H.   H. 
Burnett,  C.  M. 
Bush,  C.  E. 
Caldwell,  W.  N. 
Carson,    J.    D. 
Cass,  J.  K. 
Crane,  W.  W. 
Crane,  Z. 
Crocker,  C.  A. 
Daniels,  A.  B. 
Dickinson,   H.   S. 


Anderson,  J.  G. 
Armstrong,  M.   M, 
Atterbury,   R.   B. 
Baer,  G.  F. 
Bare,  D.   M. 
Barker,  W.   T. 
Bowman,  H.  H. 
Boyce,   B.  S. 
Bullard,  D.  A. 
Bush.  C.  E. 
Carter,   R.   D. 
Cass,  J.   K. 
Carpenter,  F.  P. 
Crocker,  C.  A. 
Delano,  C.  H. 
Dickinson,  C.  H. 
Duncan,  J.  C. 
Duncan,   T. 


Hunting 

Eaton,  A.  W. 
Edgerton,  C.  A. 
Embree,  E.  L. 
Forbes,   L.   S. 
Greenleaf,    O.    S. 
Jenks,    C.    C. 
McElwain,   R.   F. 
Morgan,   H.    S. 
Moses,  H.  A. 
Mullen,    C.    H. 
Newton,  E.  T. 
Newton,  J.  H. 
Newton,  M. 
Rantoul,  Jr.,  C.  W. 


Emerson,  J.  T. 
Farren,   B.   N. 
Gibson,  S.  A. 
Gilbert,  F. 
Hamilton,  C.  L. 
Hollingsworth,   A.    L. 
Hubbard.  C.  L. 
Luke,  D.  L. 
Luke,  J.   G. 
Mason,  M.  B. 
McElwain,  R.   F. 
Mead,  C.  D. 
Mead,  H.  E. 
Megargee,  G.  M. 
Milliken,   C.   H. 
Mohr,  J.  N. 
Nixon,  W.  H. 
Page,  H.  T. 


Reist,  B.  F., 
Rising,    B.    D. 
Rogers,  E.  C. 
Southford,  C.  H. 
Southford,  H.  W. 
Steams,  E.  H. 
Stratton,  H.  J. 
Weston,  B. 
Wheelwright,   G.   W. 
Whiting,  G.  A. 
Whiting,   S.   R. 
Whiting,   W. 
Whiting,  W.  F. 


Paine,  A.  G. 
Paine,  A.  G.,  Jr. 
Pickles,  J.  D. 
Potts,  H.  E. 
Pulsifer,  N.  T. 
Rantoul,  Jr.,  C.  W. 
Reist,  B.  F. 
Russell,  G.  W. 
Russell,  W.  A. 
Russell,  W.   D. 
Sharp,  W.  H. 
Sloat,  M.   B. 
Warren,    F. 
Weeks,  C.   G. 
Whiting,   G.   A. 
Whitney,  H.  M. 
Woolworth,  C.  C. 


•  According  to  the  classes  with  which  they  arc  mainly  identified. 


f 


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I 


Barker,  W.  T. 
Bickford,  L.  M. 
Brown,   H.   J. 
Brown,  W.  W. 
Bulkley,  J.      , 
Burbank,  A.  N. 
Chisholm,    H.   J. 
Coolidge,   T.   S. 
Cowles,  D.  S. 
Curtis,  W. 
Daniell,   E.    S. 
Daniell,   W.   F. 
Dillon,  W.  B. 
Emery,  Jr.,  D.  F. 
Everett,   W.   F. 
Farren,  B.   N. 


Adams,   E.   M. 
Bermingham,  E.  F. 
Browning,  F.  W. 
Callender,  C.  F. 
Case,  R.  S. 
Coburn,  J.  R. 
Cornwell,  C. 
Dean,   C.   A. 
Gould,  G.  H.  P. 


Burdick,  F.  M. 
Clapp,   A.    W. 


Armstrong,  M.  M. 
Barnes,  Jr.,  J.   S. 
Bertuch,  F. 
Bermingham,  E.  F. 
Blackman,  H. 
Brown,  C.  D. 
Brown,  H.  J. 
Brown,   W.   W. 
Burgess,    T.    P. 
Bush,   C.   E. 
Chisholm,   H.  J. 


CLASSIFIED   LIST 

Frambach,  H.  A. 
Fullerton,  K.  B. 
Gilbert,  F. 
Gould,  G.  H.  P. 
Hall,  L.  A. 
Hastings,   A.    C. 
Hobson,  J.   L. 
Hosford,    I.    B. 
Ingram,  R.  D. 
Knowles,    H.    M. 
Knowlton,  G.  VV. 
Koster,   J.    S. 
Lyman,  C.  W. 
Miller,  W. 
Morgan,  J.  C. 
Parks,  F.  H. 
Parsons,  M.  C. 


n^rapping 

Lindsay,  A.  J. 
Lindsay,  E.  P. 
Mabee,  D.  W. 
Moore,  A.   C. 
Newton,    M. 
Ramage,  J. 
Remington,   C.   H. 
Rice,  T.  F. 
Riegel,  B. 


II^QOtl  pulp 

Clapp,  E.  H. 
Denison,    E.    B. 
Draper,  W.  H. 


Cbemical  /Fibre 

Chahoon,  G. 
Clapp,  A.   W. 
Clapp,  E.  H. 
Conley,  J. 
Delano,  C.  H. 
Duncan,  J.  C. 
Duncan,  T. 
Fletcher,  A.   M. 
Hammond,  G.  W. 
Jones,  N.  M. 
Jordan,  A.  H.  B. 
Lindsay,  A.  J. 


Parsons,  W.  H. 
Parsons,  W.  H.,  Jr. 
Riegel,  B. 
Russell,  VV.  A. 
Russell,  W .   D. 
Scott,    O. 
Schoellkopf,  A. 
Sherman,  G.  C. 
Shattuck,   F.   C. 
Singerly,  W.  M. 
Spier,   W.    E. 
Waller,  T.  T. 
Webster,  J.   F. 
Weeks,  C.  G. 
Whitehouse,  F.  C. 
Wilder,  H.  A. 


Sherman,   G.   C. 
Smith,   C.    F.   M. 
Snell,  B.  H. 
Stokes,  H.  VV. 
Train,  S.   P. 
West,  G. 
Wickham,  C.  H. 
Wilson,  J. 


Moses,  G.  C. 
Robinson,  F.  E. 


Luke,  D.  L. 
Luke,  J,  G. 
Moses,  G.  C. 
Paine,  A.   G. 
Paine,    A.    G., 
Rogers,  J. 
Savery,  T.  H. 
Sharp,  W.  H. 
Singerly,  W.  M 
Sloat,  M.   B. 
Snell,  B.  H. 


Jr. 


Blandy,  I.  C. 
Browning,  F.  W. 
Case,  A.  W. 


Allen,  L. 
Cheney,  P.  C. 
Farwell,    P. 
Hall,  J.  H. 
Knowlton,   G.    S. 


Ackerman,  J.  F. 
Arkell,  W.  J. 
Armstrong,  M.  M. 
Bertuch,   F. 
Belden,   M.   B. 
Brocklebank,  J.  C. 
Buchanan,  R.  G. 
Bulkley,  J. 
Chatfield,  A.   H. 
Conrow,  T. 
Conrow,  W.  E. 
Cowles,  D.  S. 
Dennison,  A.  T. 
Elliot,  A.  G. 
Etherington,  W.  F. 
Fitzgerald,   J.    M. 
Forsyth,    J.    B. 
Flinn,  F.  A. 
Fullerton,   K.   B. 
Cade,  Henry. 
Godfrey,  J.  C. 


CLASSIFIED   LIST 

Chisholm,  H.  J. 
Evans,  R.  E. 
Foulds,  W. 

Hftifcellaneauf 

Knowlton,  G.  W. 
Marshall,  J.   K. 
Outterson,  J.  A. 
Parker,  J. 
Sherman,  G.  C 

Haverstick,    A. 
Haverstick,   E.   U. 
Hubbs,   C.   F. 
Lang,  J. 
Linde,  J.  E. 
Megargee,  B.  B. 
Megargee,  G.  M. 
Megargee,   I.   N. 
Mentzel,  A.  W. 
Millar,    G.   W. 
Miller,   E. 
Miller,    O.    A. 
Osborn,   A.   E. 
Paine,   A.   G. 
Paine,  A.   G.,  Jr. 
Parsons,  M.   C. 
Parsons,    W.    H. 
Parsons,   W.    H.,   Jr. 
Perkins,  G.  F. 
Read,    F.    B. 
Rice,   T.   F. 


French,  J.  W. 
Ingalls,  H.  H.  C. 
McEwan,    R.    B. 


Smith,  W. 
Sparks,  E.  G. 
Thompson,  G.  W. 
Whittelsey,  F.  H. 


Robertson,  H.  M. 
Sharp,  W.  H. 
Sheffield,   W.    R. 
Singerly,  W.  M. 
Sloan,  J.  H. 
Sloat,   M.  B. 
Smith,  C  F.  M. 
Snider,    H.   J. 
Spicer,   F.   W. 
Squier,   F. 
Stoever,    C.  M. 
Stuart,   W.   A. 
Train,    S.    P. 
Vernon,  T.  A. 
Vilmar,  F. 
Wilkinson,   E.   T. 
Wilkinson,  T.   P. 
Wilson,   F.  W. 
Woolworth,   C.    C 
Wright,  E.  E. 


I 


39 


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J^tjStor?  of  tl^e  araerfcan  i^aper  anD  i^ulp 

a^jSociation 

IfivtpavKh  Itji  the  ^«fr«iarH 

Contiention  of  l$7i 

The  American  Paper  Makers'  Association,  as  our  national  organ- 
ization was  originally  called,  was  born  of  adversity,  so  to  speak,  for 
it  grew  out  of  the  depression  following  the  rude  check  which  the 
panic  of  1873  PUt  upon  the  industrial  progress  stimulated  by  the  war. 
Since  1873  the  paper  industry,  in  common  with  most  others,  had 
been  going  from  bad  to  worse;  prices  falling  in  spite  of  no  material 
increase  in  capacity,  thus  indicating  an  absolute  decrease  in  the  pur- 
chasing power  of  the  country.  In  fact,  in  1878  conditions  were  very 
much  as  in  1897,  except  that  in  place  of  a  degree  of  hopefulness  was 
absolute  despair. 

There  had  been  at  regular  intervals  from  early  days  gatherings  or 
conventions  of  paper  manufacturers,  but  no  permanent  organization 
had  ever  been  attempted,  so  far  as  the  writer  is  aware.  The  writing- 
paper  manufacturers,  for  example,  had  held  an  isolated  meeting  in 
i860  at  Pittsfield,  Mass.,  when  their  branch  of  the  business  was  suf- 
fering from  overproduction,  although  the  total  daily  output  at  that 
time  was  estimated  to  be  only  about  fifty  tons! 

But  in  1878  matters  had  reached  such  a  point  that  it  was  felt  that 
something  must  be  done,  and  at  an  informal  meeting  of  manufac- 
turers at  Springfield,  Mass.,  July  20,  1878,  a  committee  was  appointed 
to  consider  calling  a  convention  of  all  the  paper  manufacturers  of 
the  country.  Such  a  call  was  issued  on  August  i  for  a  convention 
to  be  held  at  Saratoga  on  August  28.  It  was  signed  by  William 
Whiting,  George  E.  Marshall,  C.  O.  Brown,  D.  F.  Crocker  and  O.  C. 
Chapin,  and  stated  that  "matters  affecting  the  general  good  of  the 
trade  would  be  discussed,  especially  the  question  of  demand  and  sup- 
ply and  the  best  means  of  insuring  stability  to  our  business,  now  so 
seriously  demoralized."  In  accordance  with  this  call  a  large  num- 
ber of  manufacturers  assembled  at  the  Grand  Union  Hotel.  The 
comparatively  puny  proportions  of  the  industry  at  that  time  are  dis- 
played in  the  figures  giving  the  capacity  of  the  mills  represented  by 
those  in  attendance.  Thus  among  the  writing-paper  manufacturers 
Z.  Crane  is  credited  with  two  and  one-half  tons,  Byron  Weston  two 
and  one-half    tons,  A.  E.  Harding    three    tons,  William    Whiting 


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44 


HISTORICAL  SKETCH 


dwarfing  them  all  with  an  output  of  twelve  tons;  total  for  writing  pa- 
per about  one  hundred  tons.  In  the  book  and  news  class,  which  ag- 
gregated two  hundred  and  forty  tons,  the  largest  concerns  represent- 
ed were  Jessup  &  Moore  and  the  American  Wood  Paper  Company, 
credited  with  twenty  tons  each.  Others  were  Wellington  Smith, 
seventeen  tons;  W.  H.  Parsons,  eight  tons;  Warner  Miller,  four 
tons;  J.  A.  Kimberly,  three  and  one-half  tons,  and  A.  D.  Remington, 
six  tons.  The  largest  output  represented  in  the  manilla  line  was  that 
of  George  West,  nine  tons. 

The  convention  was  called  to  order  by  William  Whiting,  and  on 
motion  of  William  A.  Russell,  W.  G.  Plunckett— at  that  time  a  Nes- 
tor of  the  paper  trade— was  elected  chairman.  A  committee  of  twen- 
ty-one was  appointed  to  consider  a  plan  of  procedure,  but  not  until 
there  had  been  a  lively  debate  over  its  composition,  because  excep- 
tion was  taken  to  some  of  the  names  proposed  on  the  ground  that 
they  were  not  manufacturers.  This  led  to  the  consideration  of  who 
were  entitled  to  participate  in  the  convention.  It  was  finally  decided 
to  limit  the  number  to  manufacturers,  a  manufacturer  being  defined 
as  an  owner  or  stockholder  on  a  sufficient  scale  to  identify  him  with 
the  management  of  a  mill.  The  officers  of  the  convention  were:  Wil- 
liam Whiting,  president;  C.  O.  Chapin  and  W.  H.  McClung,  secre- 
taries; Messrs.  A.  E.  Harding,  Whiting,  Fairchild,  Woodruff  and 
Nixon,  vice-presidents. 

Cbe  Xlfociation*!  4^m 

On  the  following  day,  August  29,  the  committee  of  twenty-one, 
having  prolonged  its  counsels  well  into  the  previous  night,  recom- 
mended curtailment  of  one-sixth  of  the  product  of  all  the  mills  of  the 
country  for  six  months,  if  eighty-five  per  cent,  of  them  would  consent 
thereto.  They  also  advised  the  formation  of  a  permanent  association.  In 
the  discussion  which  followed  it  is  quite  interesting  to  note  the  free- 
dom with  which  the  arbitrary  control  of  production  for  the  avowed 
purpose  of  increasing  prices— now  a  penal  oflfense— was  advocated. 
The  president  of  the  convention  even  went  so  far  as  to  remmd  those 
present  that  "God  helps  them  that  help  themselves,"  which  senti- 
ment was  greeted  with  applause. 

A  committee  to  draft  a  constitution,  consisting  of  Messrs.  Hard- 
ing, Whiting,  McClung,  George  West  and  W.  A.  Russell,  was  ap- 
pointed, and  the  convention  having  adopted  the  constitution  sub- 
mitted to  it  by  them,  having  elected  officers  of  the  association  and 
appointed  a  committee  to  carry  out  the  plan  of  curtailment  already 
decided  upon,  dissolved  without  having  formally  turned  over  the 
meeting  to  the  newly  formed  association,  so  that  strictly  speaking 


L>> 


HISTORICAL  SKETCH 


45 


it  may  be  said  that  there  was  no  meeting  of  the  association  at  this 
time.    Therefore  the  meeting  of  the  following  year  was  the  first. 

i€f)t  Conltminon 

As  there  was  only  one  thought  in  the  minds  of  those  who  attended 
the  convention,  which  was  that  they  might  control  the  market,  so  the 
fruit  of  their  meeting  was  an  organization  designed  expressly  to 
accomplish  that  end.    This  is  made  clear  by  a  perusal  of  the  consti- 
tution.   It  was  recognized  that  the  key  to  the  situation  lay  in  limiting 
the  production,  and  so  membership  in  the  association  was  jealously 
restricted  to  producers.    It  was  the  American  Paper  Makers'  Asso- 
ciation, and  apparently  assuming  that  all  manufacturers  would  be  in 
sympathy  and  act  in  accord  with  a  body  organized  for  the  general 
good  of  the  industry  there  was  no  enrollment  of  members,  every 
manufacturer  being  welcome  to  attend  the  meetings  and  take  part  in 
the  deliberations  of  the  association.     But  it  was  expected  that  each 
person  would  appear  in  a  representative  capacity  for  his  mill,  each 
mill  being  entitled  to  one  vote.     The  form  of  organization  was  a 
central  body  with  branches  in  different  sections  of  the  country.    The 
general  officers  constituted    the    Central    Executive    Council,  and 
among  their  duties  was  the  arbitration  of  questions  referred  to  them 
by  the  different  divisions  of  the  association;  they  also  had  power 
of  assessment,  the  only  means  provided  for  obtaining  a  revenue. 
Each  division,  of  which  there  were  five,  had  an  executive  committee, 
which  was  to  arbitrate  questions  arising  between  members  of  its  own 
division.     The  association  had  headquarters  at  Springfield,   Mass., 
and  the  five  divisions  at  Boston,  New  York,  Philadelphia,  Cincinnati 
and  Chicago. 

Itetn^ion  of  1$S3 

Viewed  in  the  light  of  subsequent  events  it  seems  probable  that 
had  the  organization  been  divided  at  the  start  into  groups  according 
to  the  kind  of  paper  made  more  success  might  have  attended  its  early 
efforts.  At  any  rate  this  change  was  made  in  a  general  revision 
which  the  constitution  underwent  in  1883,  at  the  instigation  of  J.  W. 
French,  who  had  at  that  time  been  president  for  one  term.  From 
this  action  it  is  evident  that  the  constitution  was  in  a  measure  held 
accountable  for  the  failure  of  the  association  to  achieve  up  to  that 
time  all  that  had  been  hoped  for.  As  revised  in  1883  the  constitu- 
tion provided  for  six  divisions,  viz.,  writing,  book,  news,  manilla, 
board  and  straw  wrapping;  the  headquarters  of  each  division  were 
to  be  determined  by  the  majority  vote  of  that  division.  The  number 
of  vice-presidents  of  the  association  was  increased  from  two  to  six, 


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46 


HISTORICAL  SKETCH 


one  from  each  division,  who  was  ex-ofHcio  the  president  of  his  divi- 
sion. It  was  at  this  meeting  in  1883  also  that  the  name  was  changed 
to  the  American  Paper  Manufacturers'  Association,  as  it  was  thought 
the  name  "paper  makers"  was  misleading,  being  applied  quite  as  gen- 
erally to  mill  employees  as  to  mill  owners. 

Owing  to  the  wide  distribution  of  the  mills  it  was  deemed  expedi- 
ent to  enable  the  Western  mills  to  hold  their  division  meetings  in  the 
West  and  the  Eastern  mills  in  the  East,  and  accordingly  at  the  annu- 
al meeting  in  1884  the  number  of  vice-presidents  was  doubled  to 
twelve,  so  that  each  division  might  have  an  Eastern  and  a  Western 
presiding  officer. 

In  1887  the  number  of  vice-presidents  grew  to  fourteen,  on  account 
of  the  recognition  of  chemical  fibre  making  as  a  growing  branch  of 
the  industry  entitled  to  be  classified  by  itself. 

metoij^ion  of  It91 

With  only  unimportant  changes  in  the  constitution  the  association 
ran  along  until  1891,  when  William  T.  Barker,  who  had  been  elected 
secretary  and  treasurer  the  previous  year,  carried  through  another 
revision.  Feeling  that  the  association  was  not  doing  what  was  ex- 
pected of  it,  and  having  studied  its  history,  he  came  to  the  conclu- 
sion that  changed  conditions  demanded  different  methods.  He  argued 
that  the  trade  conditions  were  then  and  had  been  for  some  years  so 
much  better  than  those  prevailing  when  the  association  was  started 
that  there  was  not  the  same  necessity  for  an  organization  with  cen- 
tralized power,  that  it  was  beyond  the  scope  of  such  an  association 
to  control  prices,  and  consequently  that  the  proper  aims  of  the  as- 
sociation should  be  newly  defined,  and  that  such  changes  should  be 
made  in  the  constitution  as  comported  therewith.  The  fundamental 
idea  developed  by  Mr.  Barker,  and  embodied  in  the  revised  consti- 
tution of  1891,  was  the  cultivation  of  friendly  intercourse  among  the 
paper  manufacturers,  to  the  end  that  the  association  might  thus  the 
better  promote  the  welfare  of  the  industry  by  considering  all  matters 
of  general  interest  to  it.  Members  no  longer  appeared  in  a  repre- 
sentative capacity,  but  simply  as  individuals,  each  member  paying  an 
initiation  fee  and  annual  dues,  thus  providing  a  more  reliable  income 
for  the  association  than  had  hitherto  been  the  case.  While  the 
divisions  according  to  the  class  of  manufacture  were  retained,  their 
wings  were  clipped  by  abolishing  the  executive  committees  and  re- 
ducing the  number  of  vice-presidents  to  one  for  each  division,  chosen 
indiscriminately  from  East  or  West.  At  this  time  was  created  the 
wood-pulp  division.  Associate  members  and  an  annual  banquet  were 
also  provided  for,  in  recognition  of  the  social  aims  of  the  association. 


HISTORICAL  SKETCH 


47 


Five  associate  members  were  elected  that  year,  but,  for  some  reason 
not  stated,  at  the  following  meeting  in  1892  associate  membership 
was  abolished  by  amendment. 

ilietoif  ion  of  1$97 

Since  this  revision  of  1891  it  must  be  confessed  that  the  practical 
utility  of  the  association  has  not  kept  pace  with  the  social  develop- 
ment, in  so  much  so  that  the  executive  council  felt  constrained,  at 
a  meeting  in  May,  1896,  to  pass  a  resolution  expressing  their  sense 
"that  the  association  should  be  made  a  business  and  not  purely  a 
social  organization."  And  at  the  meeting  at  Niagara  Falls  in  July 
of  that  year  a  committee  was  appointed  to  consider  whether  any  re- 
vision of  the  constitution  to  bring  about  this  end  was  desirable,  and 
if  so  to  recommend  such  changes  as  they  thought  best.  This  com- 
mittee reported  at  the  meeting  in  February,  1897,  that  while  they  con- 
sidered changes  desirable,  yet  in  the  then  sensitive  condition  of  the 
trade  any  radical  course  was  deemed  unadvisable  for  the  time  being. 
A  number  of  amendments,  however,  were  adopted,  but  mostly  un- 
essential, the  most  important  being  that  extending  the  membership 
to  the  mercantile  branch  of  the  trade,  which  necessitated  also  a 
change  in  the  name  to  "The  American  Paper  and  Pulp  Association." 

While  these  successive  revisions  of  the  constitution  have  perhaps 
impaired  the  effectiveness  of  the  organization  as  a  working  body  in 
certain  directions,  yet  they  have  left  many  fields  of  usefulness  to 
which  the  association  can  and  doubtless  will  apply  itself. 

Mcttin^fy  Annual  anb  .f>pecial 

The  constitution  has  always  provided  for  an  annual  meeting, and  ad- 
ditional meetings  have  been  held  only  as  emergencies  arose,  the 
power  to  call  such  meetings  being  given  to  the  executive  council.  Al- 
though the  association  was  formed  in  1878,  yet  the  first  meeting  was 
not  held  until  July,  1879,  as  already  explained.  From  that  time  on 
there  has  been  an  annual  meeting  in  July  of  each  year  at  the  Grand 
Union  Hotel,  Saratoga,  down  to  and  including  1892.  In  1893  there 
was  no  meeting  held  on  account  of  the  panic  which  racked  the  coun- 
try that  year,  and  also  because  of  the  diversion  of  the  World's  Fair. 
It  had  been  determined  to  hold  a  meeting  in  Chicago  some  time 
during  the  progress  of  the  Fair  and  a  call  had  actually  been  issued, 
but  the  indications  were  that  the  attendance  would  be  very  small,  and 
so  the  meeting  was  reluctantly  abandoned.  In  1894  there  was  a  meet- 
ing as  usual  in  Saratoga  in  July,  at  which  it  was  determined  to  have 
more  special  meetings,  a  preference  being  expressed  for  New  York  as 
the  meetingplace,and  it  was  also  voted  to  make  the  presentation  of 


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papers  on  practical  subjects  a  feature  of  these  occasions.  In  accord- 
ance  with  this  plan  a  special  meeting  was  held  at  Delmonico's  in  New 
York,  on  the  30th  of  January  following,  thus  in  a  measure  atoning 
for  the  omission  of  the  meeting  in  1893.  It  was  so  well  attended  that 
It  was  decided  to  thereafter  hold  the  annual  meeting  in  the  winter 
time,  and  this  has  been  done,  that  of  February  20,  1896,  being  held 
at  Delmonico's,  and  that  of  February  24,  1897,  at  the  Waldorf. 

Up  to  1895  there  had  been  only  one  special  meeting,  that  of 
October  22,  1884,  held  at  the  Metropolitan  Hotel,  in  New  York,  for 
the  purpose  of  considering  the  situation  created  by  the  cholera  scare 
and  the  consequent  restrictions  on  the  importation  of  rags.  On  this 
same  date  the  Western  manufacturers  held  a  meeting  in  Chicago  for 
the  same  purpose.  There  has  been  but  one  special  meeting  since  1895^ 
that  of  July  22,  1896,  at  Niagara  Falls,  it  being  called  for  no  partic- 
ular purpose  except  to  quicken  interest  in  the  association. 

There  has  always  been  a  fair  attendance  at  the  meetings,  and  it  has 
been  very  representative  in  character.  At  the  meeting  in  1883  there  was 
an  unusually  large  gathering,  including  quite  a  large  delegation  from 
Wisconsin  and  other  Western  points,  which  was  present  presumably 
in  recognition  of  the  fact  that  Colonel  French  of  Three  Rivers^ 
Mich.,  was  then  president,  the  first  and  only  one  from  the  West  the 
association  has  had. 

In  1882  there  was  much  discussion  at  the  meeting  as  to  how  the 
membership  could  be  increased  and  more  interest  in  the  association 
created,  indicating  that  the  attendance  and  support  of  the  members 
was  declining,  probably  in  consequence  of  the  comparatively  im- 
proved conditions  of  the  market  over  those  prevailing  at  the  time 
the  association  was  formed.    As  there  had  been  no  enrollment  of 
members  up  to  the  time  the  constitution  was  revised  in  1892,  very 
few  having  complied  with  the  mere  form  of  signing  the  constitution, 
it  was  impossible  to  say  just  who  were  to  be  regarded  as  members  of 
the  association,  but  Secretary  Barker,  by  communicating  with  all 
those  who  had  at  any  time  attended  meetings  or  otherwise  shown  in- 
terest in  the  association,  succeeded  in  enrolling  one  hundred  and  sev- 
enty-one names,  seventy-six  being  from  New  England,  fifty-five  from 
the  Central  States  and  the  balance  from  Ohio  and  points  west  of  it. 
This  enrollment  was  estimated  to  represent  twelve  per  cent,  of  those 
who  were  eligible  to  membership,  thirty  per  cent,  of  the  number  of 
mills  in  operation  and  forty-seven  per  cent,  of  the  capacity  of  those 
mills. 

In  1894  the  membership  reported  to  the  meeting  was  one  hundred 


HISTORICAL  SKETCH 


49 


and  sixty-seven.  At  that  meeting  a  committee  of  ten  was  appointed 
to  take  steps  to  increase  the  number,  with  the  result  that  in  1895  the 
secretary  reported  a  membership  of  two  hundred  and  seven.  It  was 
also  brought  out  at  this  time  that  Western  members  were  in  arrears 
and  withdrawing  from  the  association,  not  improbably  because  the 
association  had  failed  to  meet  in  the  West  in  1892  or  1893.  Between 
the  meetings  of  189 1  and  1892  William  T.  Barker,  then  secretary,  and 
George  W.  Wheelwright  had  taken  a  trip  through  the  West  for  the 
express  purpose  of  securing  new  members  from  that  part  of  the 
country.  They  were  successful  in  adding  quite  a  number,  and  in  fact 
brought  the  Western  membership  to  its  high-water  mark.  At  that 
time  they  had  represented  that  the  association  would  probably  decide 
to  hold  the  next  annual  meeting,  that  of  1892,  in  the  West,  but  they 
were  afterward  chagrined  at  their  inability  to  persuade  the  association 
to  make  good  their  representations.  Possibly  the  change  in  the  date 
of  the  World's  Fair,  from  1892  to  1893,  had  something  to  do  with 
this  decision. 

One  more  effort  was  made  in  1896  to  get  new  members  from  the 
West  As  a  result  of  remarks  made  at  the  annual  meeting  by  Colo- 
nel French,  a  conunittee  consisting  of  himself  and  two  Western 
associates  was  appointed  to  take  the  matter  in  hand. 

In  1896  the  total  membership  reached  two  hundred  and  ten,  but 
had  fallen  to  one  hundred  and  eighty-three  by  February,  1897. 

ille0ulaan0  4^tput 

The  association  having  been  formed  for  the  express  purpose  of 
combating  the  ruinous  effects  of  competition  resulting  from  over- 
production, most  of  its  time  and  attention  at  its  annual  meetings  has 
until  recent  years  been  devoted  to  the  consideration  of  means  for 
accomplishing  this  end.  The  plan  which  seemed  to  commend  itself 
most  was  that  of  limiting  the  output,  and  as  already  stated  the  con- 
vention of  1878  recommended  a  curtailment  of  the  output  of  one- 
sixth  for  six  months,  and  the  association  was  charged  with  the  task 
of  executing  this  plan.  Though  so  thoroughly  imbued  with  faith  in 
their  ability  to  accomplish  something  by  this  means  when  they  came 
together  for  their  convention,  as  soon  as  those  present  dispersed 
their  faith  seems  to  have  departed  from  them.  At  any  rate,  the  com- 
mittee charged  with  the  fulfillment  of  the  will  of  the  association  had 
at  the  next  annual  meeting  only  failure  to  report.  That  the  project 
failed  appeared  to  have  been  due  to  several  causes;  in  the  first  place 
an  apathy  or  perhaps  even  antagonism  to  the  plan,  which  was  not 
at  all  in  evidence  at  the  convention,  appears  to  have  come  to  the  sur- 
face very  rapidly  afterward,  so  that  not  only  did  some  of  the  commit- 


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HISTORICAL  SKETCH 


tees  meet  with  indiflference  or  opposition  where  they  expected  sup- 
port, but  some  of  the  committees  themselves  seemed  not  to  be 
acting  in  good  faith,  that  representing  the  New  York  division  mak- 
ing little  or  no  effort  to  carry  out  the  program.  It  was  even  sug- 
gested at  the  meeting  in  1879  that  there  was  a  deliberate  intention 
on  the  part  of  the  larger  mills  to  thwart  the  efforts  of  the  association, 
in  the  belief  that  no  remedy  to  their  ills  was  possible  except  that  of 
eliminating  some  of  the  weaker  competitors,  and  that  therefore  the 
larger  mills  had  concluded  that  the  sooner  the  worst  came  the  sooner 
the  small  mills  would  be  got  rid  of.  It  is  also  a  fact  that  some  of  the 
manufacturers  mistook  for  a  natural  and  permanent  improvement  a 
slight  quickening  of  the  demand  for  paper  and  consequent  change  in 
the  market  for  the  better,  which  was  due  merely  to  the  consumers* 
alarm  at  the  organization  of  the  paper  makers  at  Saratoga.  Such 
manufacturers,  therefore,  became  more  independent  in  spirit  and  less 
willing  to  co-operate  in  carrying  out  the  plan  of  the  association. 

In  contrast  with  the  inertness  of  the  Eastern  divisions,  the  Cincin- 
nati division  promptly  and  readily  secured  the  assent  of  the  requisite 
85  per  cent,  of  the  mills  to  the  proposed  plan  of  curtailment,  but  as 
this  division  included,  of  course,  all  classes  of  manufacture,  it  could 
take  no  independent  action,  and  as  it  failed  to  obtain  the  co-operation 
of  the  Eastern  divisions  the  efforts  of  its  committee  came  to  naught. 
As  evidence,  however,  that  curtailment  of  output  by  concerted  action 
is  feasible,  it  may  be  stated  that  the  writing-paper  manufacturers, 
who  had  organized  themselves  independently  upon  the  adjournment 
of  the  general  convention  in  1878,  actually  did  shut  down  ten  days 
at  Thanksgiving  time  and  ten  days  at  Christmas,  perceptibly 
strengthening  the  market  thereby. 

^\)t  ^oom  of  1$79^ 

At  the  meeting  in  1879  there  was  a  general  discussion  of  trade  con- 
ditions, but  with  the  recent  failure  of  their  former  plan  fresh  in  mind 
the  association  seemed  to  lack  the  heart  to  again  undertake  a  similar 
task  so  soon,  and  before  the  meeting  in  July,  1880,  there  had  been 
the  most  unexpected  change  in  the  situation;  for  within  that  brief 
period  had  sprung  up,  thrived  and  all  but  disappeared  that  historic 
boom  which  caused  the  only  halt  in  the  downward  march  of  prices 
from  1873  to  the  present  day. 

It  is  interesting  to  glance  at  the  market  prices  before  and  after 
this  boom.  In  August,  1878,  the  price  of  ledger  paper  was  18  cents. 
While  the  price  rose  much  higher  during  the  boom  it  had  already  sub- 
sided in  July,  1880,  to  from  19  to  24cents.  The  corresponding  prices  for 
super-sized  and  calendered  book  paper  were  about  11  cents  in  1878, 


HISTORICAL  SKETCH 


51 


and  from  loj^  to  iij^  in  1880,  all  the  gain  from  the  boom  having 
thus  already  been  lost.  Print  paper,  which  in  1878  had  been  selling 
for  from  6^  to  7J4  cents,  in  1880  sold  for  from  7^2  to  7^  cents, 
whereas  during  the  boom  it  reached  9  cents. 

At  the  meeting  in  1880  Wellington  Smith,  who,  as  vice-president, 
in  the  absence  of  Mr.  Whiting,  presided,  reviewed  the  occurrences  of 
the  previous  twelve  months.  From  this  and  other  sources  we  gather 
that  the  paper  market  began  to  improve  soon  after  the  last  meeting, 
in  common  with  other  lines  of  business.  This  improvement  has  gen- 
erally been  attributed  to  a  succession  of  unusually  heavy  crops  in  the 
West;  to  a  large  balance  of  exports  and  a  consequent  influx  of  gold, 
and  also  to  a  natural  reaction  from  the  depression  which  had  existed 
since  1873. 

Had  the  paper  market  alone  thus  revived,  paper  manufacturers 
would  indeed  have  reaped  a  harvest,  but  as  a  matter  of  fact,  as  is  usu- 
al in  such  cases,  raw  materials  first  advanced,  and  to  a  greater  extent 
than  the  manufactured  product.  The  price  of  rags  jumped  up  so 
rapidly  that  manufacturers  were  caught,  many  of  them,  with  contracts 
on  their  hands  to  provide  paper  at  the  low  prices  which  had  been 
prevailing,  which  paper  they  were  forced  to  make  out  of  materials 
bought  at  boom  prices.  Moreover,  many,  to  protect  themselves 
against  possible  further  advance  in  stock,  made  contracts  for  stock 
while  refraining  from  making  contracts  to  sell  paper,  in  the  hope 
that  by  holding  off  they  could  get  still  higher  prices ;  but  as  the  col- 
lapse in  the  price  of  paper  came  quite  suddenly,  they  were  again 
caught  by  having  to  fulfill  their  contracts  on  stock  and  sell  their 
paper  on  a  declining  market.  To  add  to  their  discomfiture  the  press, 
chafing  under  the  unusual  burden  of  higher  prices,  sought  to  retaliate 
upon  the  paper  makers  by  prejudicing  Congress,  which  was  then  con- 
sidering a  revision  of  the  tariff,  against  them,  claiming  that  the  ad- 
vance in  the  price  of  paper  was  due  to  a  combination  on  the  part  of 
the  manufacturers.  This  movement  was  inconsistently  joined  in  by 
some  high  protection  organs,  right  in  the  face  of  the  fact  that  iron 
had  doubled  in  value  and  the  price  of  many  other  articles  increased 
more  than  paper.  They  asked  a  removal  of  all  protection  to  the 
paper  makers.  However,  a  committee  of  paper  makers  appeared  be- 
fore the  Committee  on  Ways  and  Means,  with  Warner  Miller  as 
spokesman,  and  so  effectually  refuted  the  representations  of  the  press 
that  Congress  made  little  or  no  reduction  in  the  protection  previous- 
ly afforded  all  branches  of  the  paper  industry. 

after  tf)t  %wm 

So  it  was  that  when  the  paper  makers  came  together  in  1880  most 
of  them  were  in  a  gloomy  state  of  mind,  and,  prices  having  already 


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52 


HISTORICAL  SKETCH 


returned  nearly  to  the  ante-boom  level,  they  were  again  ready  to 
give  ear  to  any  plan  for  checking  the  decline  which  seemed  likely  to, 
and  which  did  in  fact,  continue.  A.  E.  Harding,  of  Ohio,  whose 
voice  had  always  been  raised  in  favor  of  controlling  the  output,  and 
who  was  at  this  time  the  chief  agitator,  very  forcibly  exploited  the 
advantages  to  be  obtained  by  limiting  the  supply  to  the  demand;  but 
at  this  meeting  more  prominence  was  given  to  the  fact  that  if  we 
could  dispose  of  our  surplus  we  could  reach  the  same  ends  in  a  bet- 
ter way  than  by  cutting  down  the  production. 

Hesulation  Sln<ucce##fuT 

The  whole  matter  was  finally  turned  over  to  a  committee  of  ten, 
who,  after  considering  the  most  feasible  plan  for  regulating  the  sup- 
ply to  the  demand,  recommended  closing  the  mills  at  6  p.  m.  on 
Saturday  until  6  a.  m.  Monday.  The  association  adopted  this  plan 
and  empowered  a  committee  to  take  steps  to  carry  it  out,  but  at  the 
meeting  of  1881  this  committee  reported  that  they  had  been  unable 
to  accomplish  their  purpose,  having  met  with  indiflference,  and  hav- 
ing encountered  a  more  serious  obstacle  in  the  objections  raised  by 
the  employees  to  having  their  wages  cut  down  in  proportion  to  the 
hours  of  work.  Another  partial  cause  for  their  failure  was  the 
drought  in  the  summer  of  1880,  which,  by  cutting  down  the  output, 
to  a  certain  extent  rendered  their  project  unnecessary. 

At  the  meeting  in  1881  the  problem  of  controlling  the  market  was 
not  discussed  to  any  extent,  in  spite  of  the  fact  that  news  paper  had 
fallen  in  price  to  6J^  cents  as  a  result  of  the  over-production  stimu- 
ulated  by  the  short-lived  boom  of  the  year  before. 

Snctta^eti  f&robuction 

In  July,  1882,  the  situation  was  about  the  same  as  during  the  year 
previous,  excepting  that  the  depression  in  the  trade  may  be  said  to 
have  reached  the  chronic  state  in  which  it  has  been  ever  since. 
President  Wellington  Smith  brought  out  the  fact  very  clearly  that 
this  depression  was  due  to  an  unwarranted  increase  in  the  producing 
capacity  at  the  mills.  At  that  meeting  still  another  plan  of  curtailing 
production  was  communicated  to  the  association  by  Howard  Lock- 
wood,  embodied  in  a  series  of  articles  to  be  subscribed  to  by  the 
mills,  the  main  features  of  which  were  a  provision  for  monthly  re- 
ports from  the  mills  giving  the  amount  of  paper  made  and  on  hand, 
and  an  expression  of  opinion  upon  the  necessity  for  shutting  down 
during  a  portion  or  all  of  the  following  month.  This  plan  seemed  to 
have  been  most  carefully  worked  out  in  detail  and  to  be  the  most 


HISTORICAL  SKETCH 


S3 


practicable  as  yet  suggested.  Although  it  was  adopted  by  the  asso- 
ciation, the  records  fail  to  show  that  any  steps  were  taken  to  carry  it 
out,  and  there  was  no  further  allusion  to  it  at  subsequent  meetings. 
Mr.  Harding,  although  unable  to  be  present  at  the  meeting  in  1883, 
was  so  impressed  with  the  desirability  and  feasibility  of  the  associa- 
tion's undertaking  to  prevent  overproduction  that  he  sent  in  a  long 
communication,  presenting  his  views  in  a  most  masterly,  rational  and 
convincing  manner,  but  it  appears  to  have  fallen  on  deaf  ears,  for  the 
repeated  failures  of  the  past  seem  to  have  had  a  disheartening  influ- 
ence, and  already  the  sentiment  was  growing  that  it  was  beyond  the 
province  of  the  association  to  undertake  to  regulate  production. 

Notwithstanding  the  steady  decline  in  prices,  the  building  and  de- 
velopment of  mills  steadily  continued,  so  that  in  1883  the  table  which 
Mr.  Lockwood  had  compiled  showed  an  increase  between  1881  and 
1883  of  30  per  cent,  in  the  output  of  al  kinds  of  paper,  book  and 
news  showing  an  increase  of  26  per  cent.,  and  in  the  following  year 
the  increase  in  book  and  news  was  nearly  13  per  cent.  Much  of  the 
annual  increment  is  to  be  accounted  for,  not  by  the  allurement  of 
large  profits  in  sight,  but  by  the  short-sighted  idea  that  production 
on  a  larger  scale  would  forestall  loss  by  reducing  the  cost  of  produc- 
tion. Looking  back  upon  the  past  and  comparing  the  growth  of  the 
paper  industry  with  the  growth  of  the  country,  it  is  apparent  that  the 
main  trouble  has  been  simply  that  the  increase  in  output  has  been 
premature,  and  that  could  the  increment  each  year  have  been  with- 
held a  year  or  two  it  would  have  been  absorbed  readily  and  a  fair 
margin  of  profit  maintained. 

SU^ction  (Cne5  3l0am 

One  more  attempt  was  made  at  the  special  meeting  held  in  New 
York  in  1884  to  restrict  production,  but  in  this  case  the  incentive  lay 
not  so  much  in  the  decline  in  the  prices  of  paper  as  in  the  untoward 
advance  in  the  price  of  rags,  on  account  of  the  action  of  the  Govern- 
ment in  restricting  their  importation  during  the  prevalence  of  chol- 
era abroad.  After  the  adjournment  of  the  association,  which  had 
simply  recommended  some  plan  of  cutting  down  production  so  as  to 
diminish  the  demand  for  rags,  special  meetings  were  held  by  the 
writing,  book  and  manilla  divisions.  The  manilla  division  resolved 
to  reduce  the  output  one-third,  and  the  writing  division  decided  to 
shut  down  the  last  week  in  November,  December  and  January,  if  80 
per  cent,  of  the  mills  assented.  The  Western  manufacturers,  assem- 
bled in  Chicago  on  the  same  day,  were  in  telegraphic  communica- 
tion with  the  meeting  in  New  York,  and  concurred  in  the  Eastern 
plan. 


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S4 


HISTORICAL  SKETCH 


lUfcet  flgitatton 


Prior  to  the  annual  meeting  in   i886  a  movement  was  started 
among  the  mill  operatives  in  Holyoke  and  vicinity  in  favor  of  short- 
ening the  hours  of  work,  a  petition  being  drawn  up  for  presentation 
at  the  approaching  meeting  of  the  manufacturers  at  Saratoga.  For 
some  reason  this  petition  did  not  come  before  the  meeting,  but  there 
was  a  discussion  relative  to  the  early  closing  on  Saturday,  probably 
in  deference  to  the  known  sentiment  of  the  employees  on  that  sub- 
ject, and  a  committee  was  appointed  to  consider  the  matter.    The 
operatives  did  not  let  the  matter  rest  there,  but  in  1887,  at  the  annual 
meeting  of  the  association,  a  committee  representing  them  was  pres- 
ent and  asked  a  hearing,  which  was  readily  granted.    They  advocated 
closing  the  mills  at  six  o'clock  Saturday  and  resuming  work  at  seven 
Monday  morning,  on  the  ground  that  they  were  being  overtaxed  by 
the  greater  exactions  of  faster  machines  and  improved  product.  While 
many  of  the  manufacturers  sympathized  with  the  movement,  yet  it 
was  the  sense  of  the  meeting  that  if  the  association  attempted  to  deal 
with  this  matter  it  would  be  regarded  as  an  interference  with  private 
affairs,  and  not  only  was  a  resolution  voted  down  which  proposed 
closing  Saturday  night  at  ten  and  starting  Monday  morning  at  six, 
but  a  further  resolution  was  passed  discouraging  any  attempt  on  the 
part  of  the  association  to  control  wages  or  hours  or  prices. 

lUnouncing  l^rinctpleii 

It  is  to  be  noticed  that  thus,  for  the  first  time,  was  open  expression 
given  adverse  to  controlling  production.  In  fact,  it  can  be  read  be- 
tween the  lines  of  this  resolution  that  those  who  were  opposed  to  the 
association's  attempting  to  regulate  production  took  this  opportunity 
to  put  the  association  on  record  as  renouncing  for  the  future  any 
such  right,  and  that  the  eagerness  of  all  to  avoid  any  possible  conflict 
with  labor  led  them  into  the  wholesale  renunciation  of  principles. 

While  the  efforts  of  the  association  in  the  direction  of  regulating 
production  appear  to  have  been  almost  fruitless,  yet  indirectly  it  is 
to  be  credited  with  a  considerable  influence  upon  the  market,  exerted 
by  the  organizations  which  sprang  up  in  the  different  branches  of  the 
industry,  all  subsequently  to  the  formation  of  the  national  associa- 
tion, and  in  a  measure  in  consequence  of  it.  There  is  little  doubt  that 
the  intercourse  of  the  manufacturers  from  different  parts  of  the  coun- 
try at  its  meetings  prompted  and  facilitated  the  formation  of  associa- 
tions such  as  those  which  were  formed  by  the  writing-paper  manufac- 
turers in  1878  and  by  the  envelope  makers  in  1881;  by  the  strawboard. 
chemical  fibre  and  straw-wrapping  manufacturers  at  different  dates. 


I 


HISTORICAL  SKETCH 


55 


Each  association  accomplished  considerable  in  the  way  of  controll- 
ing output  and  regulating  prices. 

<?l9ort  (iCrabe 

Perhaps  second  in  importance  of  the  matters  considered  by  the  as- 
sociation is  the  export  business.  It  was  not  until  the  meeting  in  1880, 
however,  that  it  turned  its  attention  to  this  subject.  The  volume  of 
paper  exported  at  present  is  of  considerable  proportions,  and  no 
small  part  of  the  credit  for  this  is  due  to  the  influence  of  the  national 
association.  The  exporting  of  American  paper  dates  back  many 
years,  but  it  was  almost  insignificant  in  amount  until  about  1876. 
In  1869  the  exports  amounted  to  less  than  $4,000  in  value.  In  1876 
they  had  increased  to  $810,000,  in  1878  to  somewhat  over  $1,000,000, 
remaining  about  the  same  through  1879  and  1880.  It  was  at  this  time 
that  the  association  began  to  take  an  interest,  and  we  find  that  in  1882 
the  total  valuation  was  $1,618,000,  or  twice  as  much  as  in  1876.  While 
much  of  the  credit  is  due,  as  has  been  said,  to  the  association,  more 
is  due  to  the  firm  of  Woolworth  &  Graham,  who  really  took  the  in- 
itiative in  systematically  cultivating  an  export  trade  and  carried  the 
undertaking  along  for  several  years  before  the  association  took 
hold.  Mr.  Woolworth,  in  a  paper  read  before  the  association  in  1880, 
reviewed  the  export  business  from  the  beginning.  According  to  him 
the  exporting  of  paper  in  any  considerable  quantity  began  in  1876 
by  a  number  of  manufacturing  concerns  placing  a  part  of  their  prod- 
uct at  the  disposal  of  Woolworth  &  Graham  at  one-third  less  than 
the  prevailing  market  price  in  this  country.  These  mills  were  forty- 
seven  in  number  and  covered  all  branches  of  manufacture.  With  this 
leeway  as  to  price  Woolworth  &  Graham  succeeded  in  gaining  a 
foothold  in  foreign  countries,  especially  European  and  South  Ameri- 
can, and  were  making  satisfactory  progress  when  the  prices  in  the 
home  market  advanced  during  the  boom  of  1879-80,  leading  the  man- 
ufacturers either  to  withdraw  from  Woolworth  &  Graham  the  option 
on  their  product  or  to  hamper  them  by  insisting  upon  immediate 
action  upon  quotations,  which  was  in  many  cases  impracticable.  Thus 
the  business  connections  abroad,  which  had  been  so  laboriously  es- 
tablished, were  many  of  them  severed.  Not  discouraged,  however^ 
with  this  result,  upon  the  decline  of  prices  in  this  country  Wool- 
worth  &  Graham  went  to  work  again,  and  succeeded  not  only  in  re- 
gaining the  ground  lost,  but  in  making  decided  progress.  Among 
the  many  obstacles  which  this  firm  encountered  was  the  slow  means 
of  transportation  and  communication,  which  made  it  hazardous  with 
a  fluctuating  market  to  leave  quotations  open  for  the  requisite  period. 
Again,  in  1881,  at  the  annual  meeting,  Mr.  Woolworth  made  a  report 


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56 


HISTORICAL  SKETCH 


on  behalf  of  the  committee  on  exports,  in  which  he  stated  that  900 
tons  of  various  grades  of  paper  had  been  put  in  his  hands  by  manu- 
facturers for  export,  practically  without  limit  as  to  price.  After  dis- 
cussion of  the  general  subject  the  association  passed  resolutions  ask- 
ing Congress  to  encourage  the  establishment  of  transportation  facil- 
ities to  foreign  countries,  especially  Central  and  South  America. 

At  this  same  meeting  in  1881  an  estfhaustive  paper  on  the  subject 
of  export  was  read  by  Howard  Lockwood;  in  it  he  called  attention 
to  the  very  large  output  of  paper  within  the  preceding  two  years  and 
dwelt  upon  the  necessity  of  disposing  of  the  surplus  beyond  the 
borders  of  this  country.    He  also  discussed  in  detail  the  markets  and 
the  means  of  reaching  them.    He  called  attention  to  the  growth  of 
the  paper  industry  of  the  United  States  as  compared  with  that  of 
other  countries,  and  urged  the  propriety  as  well  as  the  necessity  of 
the  United  States  taking  the  place  in  the  commerce  of  the  world  in 
this  branch  of  manufacture  to  which  the  magnitude  of  the  industry 
entitled  dt.    For  at  this  time  the  number  of  mills  in  the  United  States 
was  960,  with  a  daily  capacity  of  about  4,Soo,ooo  pounds,  of  which 
I  400  000  were  book  and  news  paper,  and  about  300.000  pounds  wnt- 
ing  paper;  whereas  the  total  number  of  mills  in  Great  Britain  was  but 
650  and  in  Germany  545-    Mr.  Lockwood  recommended  establishing 
through  concerted  action  a  bureau  or  agency  with  correspondents  at 
different  foreign  points.    At  the  meeting  in  1883  Mr.  Woolworth,  in 
another  of  his  interesting  reviews  of  the  export  business,  of  which, 
perhaps,  he  was  better  qualified  to  speak  than  anyone  else,  referred  to 
the  very  creditable  exhibit  by  the  United  States  paper  trade  at  the 
Paris  Exposition,  v  hich  his  firm  had  been  instrumental  in  bringing 
about.    This  exhibit  he  claimed  helped  to  advertise  us,  and  as  the 
quality  of  the  paper  was  such  that  twenty-four  out  of  twenty-eight 
exhibits  secured  awards,  it  established  a  very  good  reputation  for  our 
paper,  which  materially  aided  his  representatives  afterward  when  so- 
liciting orders.    In  1883.  1884  and  1885  the  association  appointed  ex- 
port committees  which  co-operated  with  Woolworth   &  Graham. 
In  1885  a  table  showing  imports  and  exports  of  paper  since  187S  was 
received  from  William  A.  Russell,  a  member  of  the  export  commit- 
tee, who  was  prevented  from  being  present  at  the  meeting,  and  Mr. 
Woolworth  also  again  made  a  report.    From  that  time  on  the  asso- 
ciation has  in  many  ways  manifested  its  belief  in  the  importance  of^ 
export  trade,  and  has  lost  no  opportunity  to  encourage  it.    In  1889 
F.  G.  Pierra,  secretary  of  the  Spanish-American  Commercial  Union, 
delivered  an  address  before  the  association  advocating  and  pointing 
out  the  advantage  of  fostering  trade  with  Spanish-American  coun- 
tries    The  association  showed  its  interest  in  the  matter  by  appoint- 


I      ^ 


HISTORICAL  SKETCH 


57 


ing  a  committee  to  confer  with  the  Spanish-American  Commercial 
Union  with  a  view  to  promoting  foreign  trade  relations,  and  especial- 
ly to  encouraging  the  establishment  of  an  adequate  steamship  service. 
Of  this  committee  Warner  Miller  was  a  member,  and  at  the  meeting 
in  1890,  in  an  address  to  the  association,  he  reviewed  the  situation 
and  stated  that  there  was  then  a  bill  before  Congress  providing  for 
subsidies  to  American  ships  and  for  adequate  remuneration  for  car- 
rying the  mails.  This  bill  he  believed  would  do  much  to  accomplish 
the  desired  end. 

Ifteciprocitp  (Creatie^,  €tc. 

When  reciprocity  treaties  were  under  consideration  by  the  Govern- 
ment in  1891  the  association  instructed  the  president  and  secretary 
to  urge  upon  the  State  Department  the  desirability  of  providing  for 
the  free  entry  of  paper  into  South  American  ports. 

With  the  greater  depression  in  the  home  market  of  the  last  few 
years  the  association  has  taken  renewed  interest  in  the  matter  of 
export,  as  have  also  the  manufacturers  and  dealers  individually,  with 
the  result  that  the  export  business  has  gained  steadily,  and  the  hopes 
of  the  trade  are  hung  upon  its  future  development. 

At  the  meeting  in  1895  W.  H.  Parsons  read  an  able  paper  on  the 
export  trade  and  Colonel  Haskell  spoke  on  the  same  subject  and 
advocated  establishing  an  export  bureau.  The  association  thereupon 
appointed  an  export  committee,  which  was  instructed  to  consider  the 
feasibility  of  the  association  conducting  a  bureau  of  exports. 

In  1896,  the  National  Board  of  Trade  having  requested  the  paper 
trade  to  send  a  representative  to  South  America  in  a  company  of 
twenty-five  representatives  of  other  industries,  upon  invitation  of  the 
Governments  of  Brazil,  Argentine  and  Uruguay,  the  executive  coun- 
cil of  the  association  endeavored  to  secure  some  one  to  go  as  its 
delegate,  but  at  the  last  minute  their  eflforts  failed  from  lack  of  time. 

The  paper  industry  should  make  the  most  of  the  Paris  Exposition 
of  1900  to  exploit  its  resources.  By  that  time  we  shall  perhaps  control 
the  Latin- American  trade,  and  shall  have  a  good  foothold  in  more  than 
one  European  market,  with  probably  a  large  part  of  the  balance  of 
the  world's  trade  possible  of  conquest.  Our  exhibit  at  Paris  should 
be  on  a  scale  commensurate  with  these  great  stakes.  Its  preparation 
should  be  the  work  of  the  American  Paper  and  Pulp  Association, 
and  the  initial  steps  should  be  taken  at  no  distant  day. 

Cbolera 

Another  field  of  usefulness  presented  itself  to  the  association  upon 
two  occasions  when  cholera  menaced  this  country,  viz.,  in  1884  and 
1892.   In  the  former  year  the  possibility  of  cholera  appearing  in  the 


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HISTORICAL  SKETCH 


United  States  almost  produced  a  panic,  and  in  deference  to  popular 
feeling  the  Treasury  Department  issued  orders  on  August  30  pro- 
hibiting the  unloading  of  any  rags  for  three  months  from   Septem- 
ber I.  As  this  ruling  covered  rags  loaded  at  many  points  which  were 
entirely  exempt  from  the  plague,  there  was  manifest  injustice  in  it. 
Of  course  this  embargo  on  rags  led  to  the  absorption  in  a  very  short 
time  of  all  the  rags  in  sight,  and  consequently  the  prices  went  up  to 
such  an  extent  as  to  completely  demoralize  the  branches  of  the  in- 
dustry dependent  on  this  kind  of  stock.     Therefore  the  executive 
council  called  a  special  meeting  of  the  association  in  October  in  New 
York  city,  at  which  a  committee,  consisting  of  W.  H.  Parsons,  who 
was  then  president;  D.  P.  Crocker,  Warner  Miller,  William  Whk- 
ing  and  W.  A.  Russell,  was  appointed  and  instructed  to  go  to  Wash- 
ington and  protest  against  the  injustice  of  the  restrictions  imposed 
upon  rag  importations;  but  the  obnoxious  order  of  the  Government 
being  shortly  afterward  modified  in  accordance  with  reason  and  jus- 
tice the  necessity  was  removed  for  the  committee's  taking  any  action. 
The  situation  was  very  similar  in  1892  when  the  association  held  its 
annual  meeting,  the  Government  having  again  issued  sweeping  and 
indiscriminate  orders  involving  what  was  deemed  unnecessary  ex- 
pense and  delay  in  the  disinfection  of  rags.    There  was  an  interesting 
and  intelligent  discussion  of  the  whole  subject  of  infection  by  rags 
and  a  consensus  of  opinion  that  the  Government  had  taken  unneces- 
sary precautions.  The  newspapers  were,  perhaps,  largely  at  fault  in 
creating  in  the  public  mind  a  great  prejudice  against  the  introduc- 
tion of  foreign  rags  into  this  country.     Mr.  Barker,  who  was  then 
secretary  of  the  association,  oflfered  resolutions,  which  were  adopted, 
protesting  against  the  action  of  the  Government,  and  upon  his  sug- 
gestion a  committee  was  appointed  to  give  expression  to  these  reso- 
lutions before  the  Treasury  Department.    Not  content  with  this,  Mr. 
Barker  addressed  himself  to  the  task  of  correcting  the  false  impres- 
sion which  was  so  generally  entertained  regarding  danger  from  the 
importation  of  rags.    To  this  end  he  caused  to  be  printed  a  large 
number  of  copies  of  a  pamphlet,  which  had  been  published  by  some 
eminent  medical  authority,  entitled  "An  Inquiry  Into  the  Transmis- 
sion of  Infectious  Diseases  Through  the  Medium  of  Rags."     This 
pamphlet  he  distributed  widely,  putting  it  in  the  hands  of  many  of 
the  newspapers  which  had  been  instrumental  in  creating  the  senti- 
ment which  he  was  endeavoring  to  overcome. 

The  committee  which  was  appointed  prepared  and  presented  to  the 
Secretary  of  the  Treasury  an  elaborate,  comprehensive  and  masterly 
treatise  on  the  subject  of  rag  importation  in  connection  with  the 
spreading  of  disease.     From  evidence  which  they  adduced  it  was 


HISTORICAL  SKETCH 


59 


demonstrated  that  there  were  no  data  to  warrant  the  obnoxious  rul- 
ings of  the  department.  The  efforts  of  the  committee  resulted  in 
some  important  concessions. 

i$H)t  (Cariff 

While  the  association  has  never  sought  to  involve  itself  in  politics, 
it  has  not  hesitated  to  declare  itself  on  any  political  subject  affecting 
the  interests  of  the  paper  industry,  and  although  there  have  been  al- 
ways among  the  members  of  the  association  those  who  believed  in 
the  doctrine  of  free  trade,  and  perhaps  thought  the  policy  of  pro- 
tection might  be  adverse  to  their  individual  interests,  yet  the  voice 
of  the  association  has  always  been  heard  in  favor  of  a  protective 
tariff.  At  the  meeting  in  1879  Congress  came  in  for  considerable 
criticism  because  of  what  was  deemed  its  proneness  to  tinker  with  the 
tariff  without  regard  to  the  disturbing  influences  upon  the  industries 
of  the  country.  It  would  thus  appear  that  the  paper  industry  was  sat- 
isfied with  the  tariff  as  it  then  existed.  In  1880  the  association  ap- 
pointed a  committee  on  tariff  to  look  after  the  interests  of  the  paper 
industry  in  Washington.  In  1882,  prior  to  the  holding  of  the  annual 
meeting,  there  had  been  held  a  great  tariff  convention  in  New  York, 
at  which  a  committee  was  appointed  to  petition  Congress  for  a  tariff 
commission.  At  this  convention  WelHngton  Smith,  a  former  presi- 
dent of  the  association,  took  an  active  part  and  was  made  chairman 
of  the  committee  referred  to.  At  the  time  of  the  meeting  in  July 
Congress  had  already  appointed  a  tariff  commission,  and  at  the  insti- 
gation of  Wellington  Smith  the  association  appointed  a  committee  of 
five  to  appear  before  it  on  behalf  of  the  paper  industry,  which  charge 
the  committee  faithfully  fulfilled. 

In  1887  the  contest  on  the  tariff,  which  resulted  in  the  restoration 
of  the  Republican  party  to  power  two  years  later,  had  already  set  in 
when  the  paper  manufacturers  assembled  in  July  at  Saratoga.  The 
occasion  was  seized  by  the  advocates  of  protection  to  present  their 
side  of  the  subject  to  the  paper  makers  of  the  country,  and  Senator 
Dawes,  of  Massachusetts,  was  on  hand  to  deliver  an  address  on  the 
tariff.  E.  A.  Hartshorn  and  other  non-members  of  the  association 
spoke  on  the  same  subject  and  outlined  the  scope  and  purposes  of 
the  Protective  Tariff  League,  and  at  the  meeting  in  the  following 
year  Mr.  Harthorn  again  made  some  remarks  to  the  convention. 
Warner  Miller,  then  candidate  for  governor  of  New  York  State,  in 
the  course  of  an  able  address  to  the  association  dwelt  at  some  length 
upon  the  relation  of  the  tariff  to  the  paper  industry.  The  tariff  com- 
mittee made  their  report,  reviewing  their  efforts  to  secure  consider- 
ate action  and  suitable  protection  in  the  Mills  bill,  which  was  then 


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60 


HISTORICAL  SKETCH 


under  discussion  in  Congress.  In  order  to  present  their  case  as  im- 
pressively as  possible  they  had,  with  considerable  labor,  gathered 
statistics  of  the  paper  industry  by  communicating  directly  with  all 
the  mills;  but  notwithstanding  their  best  efforts  they  had  met  with 
little  or  no  encouragement  before  the  committee  of  the  House.  They 
hoped,  however,  for  better  success  with  the  Senate.  In  addition  to 
the  work  done  by  this  committee  at  least  one  division  of  the  associa- 
tion was  at  work  independently;  that  was  the  chemical  fibre  division, 
which  secured  the  removal  from  the  free  list  of  chemical  fibre,  where 
it  had  been  placed  by  the  committee  of  the  House. 

JRutuai  Jftifl  Siijiucanct 

Not  the  least  of  the  services  whidh  the  association  has  rendered 
the  paper  trade  is  its  participation  in  the  formation  of  the  Paper 
Mill  Mutual  Insurance  Company.     It  is  true  this  company  might 
have  been  formed  without  the  assistance  of  the  association,  but  the 
facilities  which  were  afforded  its  promoters  of  reaching  the  manufac- 
turers and  the  indorsement  which  the  association  gave  to  the  enter- 
prise were  important  factors  in  its  formation.    It  seems  that  paper 
mills  had  come  to  be  regarded  by  insurance  companies  as  a  very 
undesirable  risk,  and  in  consequence  the  rate  of  insurance  had  be- 
come so  high  as  to  be  almost  prohibitive.     It  was  in  the  hope  of 
opening  the  eyes  of  the  paper  manufacturers  to  a  realization  that  this 
condition  of  affairs  was  due  to  their  own  slothfulness  and  could  easily 
be  corrected  that  Edward  Atkinson  appeared  before  the  association 
at  its  meeting  in  1886  and  read  a  paper  on  the  subject  of  paper-mill 
insurance,  in  which  he  called  the  attention  of  the  paper  manufacturers 
to  the  changes  which  they  should  make  in  the  construction  and 
equipment  of  their  mills,  and  which,  if  made,  would  warrant  insur- 
ance companies  giving  them  better  rates.    Mr.  Atkinson  had  already 
taken  the  matter  up  with  a  number  of  manufacturers,  with  the  result 
that  he  was  then  negotiating  with  a  committee  of  their  number  for 
the  formation  of  a  paper-makers'  mutual  company.    On  motion  of 
George  W.  Wheelwright  before  the  association  a  committee  of  five, 
of  which  he  was  one,  was  appointed  to  co-operate  with  the  committee 
of  manufacturers  already  in  existence.    That  this  movement  resulted 
in  the  formation  of  such  a  company,  that  this  company  almost  from 
its  inception  has  been  a  success,  and  that  it  has  resulted  in  paper 
mills  getting  much  cheaper  insurance,  are  facts  well  known.    At  the 
meeting  in  1891  an  interesting  account  of  the  work  of  the  insurance 
company  was  given  to  the  association  by  G.  W.  Wheelwright,  who 
had  been  one  of  the  most  active  in  carrying  through  this  project  to  a 
successful  issue. 


.'*i 


HISTORICAL  SKETCH 


61 


Mi0ceVianeimf  |&roceebin0# 

It  might  be  interesting  to  briefly  cite  some  of  the  other  matters  to 
which  the  association  has  given  its  attention.  At  the  meeting  in  1880 
a  regulation  of  the  Post  Office  Department  by  which  samples  of 
paper  marked  merely  with  the  size  and  weight  were  removed  from 
the  fourth  to  the  first  class  was  vigorously  attacked,  and  through 
subsequent  efforts  of  some  of  the  members  of  the  association  a  sat- 
isfactory change  in  the  ruling  was  made.  In  1882  resolutions  were 
passed  favoring  the  bill  then  before  Congress  for  the  reduction  of  let- 
ter postage  to  two  cents.  The  paper  trade  having  suffered  by  reason 
of  the  systematic  undervaluation  of  imported  papers,  the  attention  of 
the  association,  at  the  meeting  in  July,  1889,  was  directed  to  the  mat- 
ter, and  a  committee  on  investigation  was  appointed,  which  reported 
in  1890  that  it  was  expected  that  the  McKinley  bill,  then  pending, 
would  correct  this  abuse.  In  1891  a  committee  was  appointed  to  pre- 
pare an  exhibit  for  the  World's  Fair.  Also  in  1891  it  was  resolved 
that  the  association  was  opposed  to  any  change  in  the  standard  of 
value  of  money  and  to  free  coinage  of  silver,  and  that  these  views 
should  be  presented  to  Congress. 

There  has  always  been  a  feeling  that  the  association  should  under- 
take the  compilation  of  statistics,  and  from  time  to  time  it  has  dis- 
cussed the  matter.  Something  more  than  the  mere  table  of  capaci- 
ties annually  compiled  by  Howard  Lockwood  &  Co.  is  needed  on 
which  to  base  any  intelligent  action  looking  to  the  control  of  product. 
This  idea  was  advanced  in  1879  and  has  been  at  various  times  since. 

In  1892,  on  motion  of  Wellington  Smith,  the  association  voted  for 
the  repeal  of  the  Sherman  bill,  which  provided  for  the  monthly  pur- 
chase of  4,500,000  ounces  of  silver. 

In  1895  a  committee  was  appointed  to  investigate  the  abuses  in 
connection  with  transportation,  and  in  1896  the  secretary,  Mr.  Sher- 
man, reported  that  through  the  efforts  of  the  association  low  grades 
of  paper  had  been  changed  from  the  fifth  to  the  sixth  class. 

In  1896  the  association  joined  the  National  Board  of  Trade,  and  at 
the  last  meeting  elected  delegates  for  one  and  two  years. 

^ht  ;t>oda{  fftatuvtfi 

Even  if  the  direct  benefits  resulting  from  the  action  of  the  associa- 
tion on  these  various  matters  to  which  it  has  given  its  attention 
seem  small,  yet  it  is  doubtful  whether  many  will  regret  the  time  they 
have  given  the  association  when  they  consider  to  what  an  extent  they 
are  indebted  to  its  meetings  for  their  acquaintance  with  their  fellow 
paper  makers  and  for  the  broadening  of  their  views  from  the  dis- 
cussions at  the  meetings,  or  through  the  informal  exchange  of  ideas 


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62 


HISTORICAL  SKETCH 


in  conversation.  These  are  the  results  sought  to  be  promoted  by 
developing  the  social  side  of  the  association.  The  chief  means  em- 
ployed to  this  end  have  been  the  annual  banquets,  and  no  history  of 
the  association  would  be  complete  which  omitted  to  refer  to  these 
pleasant  occasions.  E.  Embree,  of  the  American  Wood  Paper  Com- 
pany, appears  to  be  entitled  to  the  credit  of  first  suggesting  a  ban- 
quet, as  it  was  upon  his  motion  in  1879  that  the  association  voted  to 
have  one  at  its  next  meeting.  There  is  reason  to  suppose  that  these 
banquets  were  held  annually  thereafter,  though  no  allusion  to  them 
appears  in  any  available  records.  As  recently  as  1889  the  banquet 
was  held  on  the  evening  preceding  the  business  meeting,  but  now  it 
comes  on  the  evening  following.  When  the  constitution  was  revised 
in  1891,  in  harmony  with  one  of  the  objects  of  the  new  regime,  viz., 
to  promote  social  intercourse,  provision  for  an  annual  banquet  was 
made.  Since  these  banquets  have  been  held  in  New  York,  where 
more  distinguished  guests  are  available,  the  post-prandial  speeches 
have  been  of  a  high  order,  and  the  banquets  as  a  whole  have  com- 
pared most  favorably  with  any  similar  functions  occurring  in  the 

metropolis. 

mU  negotiation*  f  f^erponnrt 

In  reviewing  the  history  of  the  association  one  is  impressed  with 
the  amount  of  energy  many  of  its  members  have  devoted  to  its  af- 
fairs, especially  when  considering  that  this  labor  has  been  oftentimes 
vastly  out  of  proportion  to  the  personal  advantage  expected  to  be 
derived,  and  that  it  has  in  many  cases  entailed  personal  sacrifice. 
Without  exception  those  who  have  filled  the  office  of  president  have 
faithfully  lived  up  to  its  responsibilities.    Therefore  it  is  not  invidi- 
ous to  merely  refer  in  passing  to  the  special  devotion  of  Wellington 
Smith,  who  presided  at  four  annual  meetings,  twice  as  vice-president 
and  twice  as  president.  He  has  always  been  ready  to  put  his  shoulder 
to  the  wheel  for  the  good  of  the  association.    William  Whiting,  W. 
A.  Russell,  and  Warner  Miller  are  names  identified  with  the  best 
achievements  of  the  association.     They  were  not  only  among  the 
most  active  in  organizing  it,  but  have  always  taken  a  conspicuous 
part  in  its  proceedings.    The  association  appears  to  have  been  equally 
fortunate  in  its  choice  of  secretaries.    The  amount  of  labor  which  de- 
volved upon  the  first  secretary,  C.  O.  Chapin,  of  Springfield,  Mass., 
who  held  office  for  four  years  until  his  death  in  1882,  must  have  taken 
no  inconsiderable  part  of  his  time,  and  his  devotion  to  the  association 
has  perhaps  not  been  equalled  by  anyone  else.     His  loss  was  very 
keenly  felt,  and  at  the  meeting  following  his  death  his  services  were 
gratefully  acknowledged  in  the  eulogies  which  Byron  Weston  and 
others  pronounced. 


HISTORICAL  SKETCH 


'^J 


The  services  of  W.  T.  Barker,  who  held  the  office  of  secretary  and 
treasurer  for  two  terms,  have  already  been  alluded  to,  but  Mr.  Barker 
has  done  much  more  for  the  association  even  than  appears  on  the 
surface,  as  he  by  no  means  confined  his  efforts  to  a  perfunctory  per- 
formance of  the  duties  of  his  office.  Among  those  who  have  labored 
for  the  success  of  this  association  should  be  mentioned  W.  H.  Par- 
sons, whose  services  were  recognized  by  his  election  to  the  office  of 
president;  George  W.  Wheelwright,  who,  as  proof  of  his  interest  in 
the  association,  accompanied  Mr.  Barker,  at  his  own  expense,  on  a 
trip  through  the  West  to  secure  new  members;  A.  E.  Harding,  of 
Franklin,  Ohio,  who  was  quite  indefatigable  in  his  efforts  to  get  the 
association  to  undertake  to  control  the  output  in  a  systematic  man- 
ner; J.  W.  French,  twice  elected  president,  who  has  always  been, 
heart  and  soul,  for  anything  that  promised  practical  results;  By- 
ron Weston,  whose  activities  were  confined  to  the  earlier  years  of 
the  association,  and  who  occupied  the  position  of  president  in  1886 
and  1887,  and  E.  C.  Rogers,  twice  president. 

Much  of  the  credit  for  the  development  of  the  association  along 
social  lines  is  due  to  our  last  two  presidents,  A.  G.  Paine  and  George 
F.  Perkins,  both  of  whom  doubled  the  ordinary  work  of  their  office 
by  holding  two  meetings  instead  of  one  during  the  year.  But  even  the 
full  list  of  officers  by  no  means  covers  the  whole  number  of  those 
who  have  taken  an  active  part  in  the  work  of  the  association. 

That  the  association  has  not  accomplished  all  at  which  its  pro- 
jectors aimed  is  a  source  of  regret,  but  it  must  be  apparent  to  all  that 
their  efforts  were  not  in  vain,  for  the  association  has  certainly,  in  many 
ways  which  they  perhaps  did  not  expect,  made  itself  useful  to  the  in- 
dustry. If  one  trait  of  those  who  have  guided  its  course  stands  out 
more  than  others  it  is  conservatism.  Possibly  more  could  have  been 
accomplished  if  the  association  had  been  dominated  by  a  more  en- 
thusiastic and  headstrong  element,  but,  after  all,  perhaps,  not  to  have 
done  badly  is  to  have  done  well,  for  the  association  in  looking  back 
over  the  past  may  now  see  that  it  some  cf  its  piojec.s  of  controlling 
production  had  been  carried  out  it  world  have  but  stimulated  anew 
the  very  competition  which  it  sought  to  destroy —  a  result  which,  un- 
less secured  by  an  actual  monc-poly,  can  be  but  temporary  and  is  sure 
to  be  followed  by  fiercer  competkion  wheA  thf'^^pgs  ^f  war,  so  to 
speak,  are  again  set  free. 

•What  the  future  of  the  associatiJDn  riiaj^  l^e  r.ti  or^e,  of  course,  can 
say,  but  there  seems  to  be  ^.  geierJii' fijeHng  t'hat  as  the  industry 
grows  the  opportunities  of  this  organization  will  increase,  and  that 


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64 


HISTORICAL  SKETCH 


perhaps  emergencies  will  arise  wherein  this  nucleus  of  the  great  pa- 
per industry  will  find  its  opportunity  and  its  destiny. 

Working  on  its  present  lines  to  increase  the  v.gor  and  usefulness 
of  the  institution  a  larger  membership  is  needed.     Th.s  has  been 
sought  to  be  obtained  by  a  modification  of  the  constitution  extending 
the  rights  of  membership  to  distributers  as  well  as  manufacturers  of 
paper  and  it  is  to  be  hoped  that  a  large  number  will  .vail  themselves 
of  th;  opportunity  thus  afforded  for  joining  an  association  whose 
avowed  purpose  is  the  general  welfare  of  the  industry  with  which 
«.ey  are  concerned.    Indifference  to  such  a  -"«"°"  ^"f" '^J^^;^ 
to  argue  narrowness  or  selfishness  or  supmeness.    To  )om  the  asso 
ciation  is  to  ally  oneself  with  the  most  progressive,  broad-minded, 
and  successful  element  of  the  trade.    Everyone  who  is  "^'Pf '«  °<  ^"l 
ing  that  his  own  success  is  wrapped  up  in  the  welfare  of  the  paper 

ndustry  should  reflect  that  the  shortcomings  of  the  association  are 
due  noTso  much  to  those  within  it  as  to  those  without.  Its  limita- 
tions are  inversely  proportional  to  its  membership. 


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Date  Due 


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0041400976 


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OCT?   1932 


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END  OF 
TITLE 


